What Role Does Risk Management Play Within The Homeland...

What role does risk management play within the homeland security enterprise? To answer that question we first have to examine what risk management is. Risk management is an anaclitic approach to figuring out the likelihood that an event will impact a specific assets, person, or function and then implementing steps to mitigate the impact or consequence of the event. (Decker, 2001) The Standard risk management formula that the Department of Homeland Security uses is R=T*V*C or Risk = Threat * Vulnerability * Consequence. To understand this formula and how it is used we first have to beak down each part. Risk is defined by Homeland Security as potential for an unwanted outcome resulting from an incident, event, or occurrence, as determined by its likelihood and the associated consequences. They define threat as natural or man-made occurrence, individual, entity, or action that has or indicates the potential to harm life, information, operations, the environment, and/or property. Vulnerability is defined as qualitative or quantitative expression of the level to which an entity, asset, system, network, or geographic area is susceptible to harm when it experiences a hazard. And lastly they define consequence simply as effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. (Homeland Security, 2010) Before The Department of Homeland Security can implement this formula, they first have to go through a series of assessments. These are threat assessments, vulnerability assessments,Show MoreRelatedThe Rookie Chief Iso Essay3886 Words   |  16 PagesTERM PAPER â€Å"The Rookie Chief Information Security Officer† Bradford Daniels Professor Steven Brown SEC 402 17 March 2013 1. a. Create an Organization Chart in which you DANIELS INC CLOUD COMPUTING ORGANIZATIONAL CHART i. Illustrate the roles that will be required to ensure design, evaluation, implementation, and management of security programs for the organization. The CISO is the executive responsible for the organizations entire security posture, both physical and digital. CISOsRead MoreIs Information And The Cyber Vulnerable World? How Prepared Are We?3167 Words   |  13 Pages LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY College of Management Are we ready to secure ourselves in the Cyber vulnerable world? How prepared are we? Presented By Michael Bruno Selvaraj Course Instructor: Dr. Terrance Dillard I pledge that on all academic work that I submit, I will neither give nor receive unauthorized aid, nor will I present another person s work as my own. June 2015 ABSTRACT: Information has become a key asset, it has value to an organization and consequently must be wellRead MoreContributions of Management6175 Words   |  25 PagesThe Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functionsRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Security4382 Words   |  18 Pagesthe 21st century, cyber security is an international issue. The threat of cyber warfare is very real and would be devastating beyond any conventional weapon imaginable. With the entire globe becoming more interconnected, an attack on online infrastructure could ground airplanes, control information access, hijack nuclear facilities, and perhaps most terrifyingly, bring the global economy to a screeching halt, creating havoc from Wall Street to The City and beyond. 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Code of Federal Regulations defines it as any violent act or acts dangerous to human life that violates the criminal laws of the U.S. or any State or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S. or any State. (18 U.S.C  § 2331)Read MoreSystem Audit12707 Words   |  51 PagesIntroduction to IT audit, purpose Types of IT audits, history of IT audit, major events that have prompted the use of and been solved using IT audit techniques. IT Audit process outline; process and phases. Planning the audit, materiality, risk assessment. 2) Effective information system audit. Evaluation of controls, types and tests of controls. Audit sampling, sampling methods, sample evaluation. 3) Audit automation and system testing: Computer assisted audit techniques. TraditionalRead MoreAbstract: Strategic Contingency Planning23625 Words   |  95 PagesSTRATEGIC CONTINGENCY PLANNING By Karen Scott-Martinet Fall 2006 The objective of this study was to develop a strategic contingency planning model to be used to fully incorporate emergency management and business continuity into organization structures. (For the purpose of this study, Emergency Management and Business Continuity were collectively referred to as â€Å"contingency planning.†) Presently, contingency planning is mainly done on an operational or tactical level. Current thinking suggestsRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT This chapter provides an overview that describes the basic types of hazards threatening the United States and provides definitions for some basic terms such as hazards, emergencies, and disasters. The chapter also provides a brief history of emergency management in the federal government and a general description of the current emergency management system—including the basic functions performed by local emergency managers. The chapter concludesRead MoreDifferent Approach of International Business6472 Words   |  26 Pagesmust be concerned with the competitive situations they face in lands for from home and with how companies from distant lands are competing in their homelands. Difference approaches of international business are given below: †¢ Importing and Exporting †¢ Franchising †¢ Licensing †¢ Joint Venture †¢ Foreign Direct Investment †¢ Management contact Importing and Exporting: Imports: Imports consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents

Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby Free Essays

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald satirizes how newly wealthy Americans acted during the 1920’s through Jay Gatsby. The 1920’s was nicknamed the ‘Roaring Twenties’, and during this time period, many people were much more wealthy and were only interested in big, extravagant things. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jay Gatsby is an example of this. He was born poor, gained his wealth, and now he throws big parties at his mansion to impress hundreds of people. In the beginning of Chapter 5, Nick arrives at West Egg to find Gatsby’s mansion lighting up the night sky. Nick said to Gatsby, â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s Fair† (81). The significance of Nick’s statement shows how Gatsby tries to be â€Å"old money†, when really he is â€Å"new money†. Gatsby tries to show off his wealth by turning on every single light in his mansion, but he lacks the class of those who really are â€Å"old money†. This satirizes how wealthy people were during the 1920s; they were obnoxious and did not have the same class as those who were wealthy before that time period. Another example of this is when Fitzgerald tells the reader what Gatsby is wearing for when Daisy comes over Nick’s house. Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in† (84). Daisy knows Gatsby as a poor man that she used to love, but couldn’t be with because her family didn’t approve. Gatsby still loves Daisy, and he dresses like this because he wants to impress her. Newly wealthy people during the 1920’s always wore expensive clothing. Gatsby dressing like this just satirizes those people, and shows he truly isn’t â€Å"old money†, no matter how hard he tries to be. Later in the chapter, Gatsby invited Daisy and Nick over to his house because he wants to show off his mansion to Daisy. Gatsby said, â€Å" I want you and Daisy to come over to my house† (89). Gatsby brought Daisy to his house, and even though she was impressed with what he has become, even Daisy realized that everything he owned is inelegant, and doesn’t have the same type of possessions that â€Å"old money† people have. This satirizes how people during the 1920’s tried to show off their flashy possessions, but they don’t truly have as much worth. Fitzgerald’s use of satire of newly wealthy people during the 1920’s are truly expressed through Gatsby’s actions and belongings. How to cite Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby, Essay examples

Distinctive Opportunity To Involve Capacity -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Distinctive Opportunity To Involve Capacity? Answer: Introducation Anny Murphy Paul writes Your Brain on Fiction. The impact of reading fiction on the human brain has been analyzed in this essay. Brain scans of the human being exhibit that the responses of the different region of the human brain while reading a detailed description, an evocative management or an emotional exchange between characters (Paul). When we read stories or hear narratives, it stimulates our brain and has the capacity to change the action of our life. In the last few years, the scientists have discovered that different types of narratives activate a different region of our brain. For an example, words with strong odor association like perfume or coffee activates the primary olfactory cortex along with the language-processing area of the human brain. On the other hand, neutral words like chair or key do not stimulate the olfactory region of the brain (Paul). When these words are seen, the olfactory region remains dark. The familiar phrase like a rough day creates no response in the brain as this phrase acts as a simple word and familiarity generates no stimulants in the brain. Metaphor involving texture activates sensory cortex in the brain that is responsible for recognizing texture through touch (Paul). Different marketing of the human brain also respond to the sensual phrases or phrases that describe motion. The human brain cannot distinguish firmly between reading about an experience and confronting it in reality. The same neurological areas are stimulated for each case. Reading a novel explores the emotional and social life of human being and the brain stimulates to the interactions of the fictional characters as that of real-life social encounters (Paul). The theory of mind states that the human brain has a unique capacity to understand the intention of other people. When we read any novel or story, we identify with the characters intention as narratives offer a distinctive opportunity to involve with this capacity of the brain. Thus, those who habitually read fiction are able to understand the intention of the other people and there is a possibility to prefer reading novels for the more empathetic people (Paul). Brain science claims that reading great literature produces better human being. Reference Paul, Annie Murphy. "Your brain on fiction."New York Times17 project-management.

Pros and Cons Erp Essay Example

Pros and Cons Erp Essay Akhilesh Nair Deepesh Chatterjee Mithun Vishnu Nikhil Kumar OPEN SOURCE ERP PROS and CONS Contents Introduction3 Commercial and Open Source ERP Software6 Open Source ERP Solution Pros8 Open Source ERP Solution Cons10 Open Source ERP Success Story11 Company Overview11 Issue At Hand11 The Solution11 Results12 The Bottom Line12 Top Open Source ERP Applications to Look Out for13 ?Goodness of Open Source ERP Packages13 ?Open Source ERP Packages13 ?Java-Based Open Source Finance Apps13 ?Latest Developments13 ?GnuCash: The Ultimate Free Open Source Accounting Software14 Introduction Open source ERP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software system whose  source code  is made publicly available. The  open source  model allows companies to access the ERP systems code and customize it using their own IT department instead of paying extra for vendor customization services and licensing, as is typically the case with closed source programs. Open source ERP can be particularly attractive to small to mid-sized businesses (SMBs) that want to upgrade or customize their ERP systems without paying large licensing and support fees. Open source brings an alternative which addresses many of the key problems of both custom and commercial enterprise software. It begins by offering the user a freely available code base as a starting point. The user can try it for free to see if it meets his needs. There is no risk of upfront licensing fees for software that may not work. If no modifications are required, open source software can be implemented with the same rapid time-to-market as commercial packages. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If customizations are required, the user has a head start with an existing code base. Furthermore, he can leverage the expertise of both in-house and open source community developers. An open source project brings with it the domain knowledge and business requirements of many contributing organizations, significantly reducing the specification risk typical of custom software. Open source communities also offer user-developers collaborative help in developing and debugging of his software. The net result is better software in less time. Longer term, open source offers the user the control of custom software and the external resources previously available only with commercial software. With the source code in hand, the user can decide on future support and upgrades. There is no one to discontinue the software for him. At the same time, because the software shares the common roots with open source, he can obtain support and upgrades from the open source community or purchase professional-quality support from a range of vendors in the community. Thus, the risks of becoming stranded due to the loss of vendor support or key employees are significantly reduced with open source. Selection of ERP system Ease/Speed  of  Implementation There exist a sentiment that implementation takes too long. It is hard to state whether proprietary or open source ERP systems are faster and easier to implement. On one hand, open source solutions are, in general, believed to be less user-friendly. On the other hand, ERP vendors (or their partners) implement proprietary ERPs, so there is no clear need for them to make ERP systems easy to install. However, it can be stated that if the ERP system is easier to implement then it would be possible for the ERP vendor to sell more licenses, since it can be assumed that there is a lack of  implementing consultants. Moreover, ease and speed of implementation does not depend only on the graphical user interface and number of settings one needs to select from but  mainly on the amount of required customizations. Further development does not depend only programmer’s speed of writing code but also on requirements collection, their analysis and correct understanding Price Unless the company has the capabilities to implement an open source ERP system and program all the necessary customizations, open source ERP is not really for free. Consultants for open source ERP systems may charge significantly more than e. g. consultants for MS EPR systems, since there are rather only a few of them. On the other hand, an open source ERP system can be a perfect solution for a starting company, which has no established business processes – the company can adapt to the system, i. e. it does not require customization, so consultants need to be hired only to install the system. Another advantage is that an open source ERP system can be adjusted directly to the intended business processes in case at least one of the employees has a good  computer science background Vendor  Support Though this criterion seems to be more important for proprietary ERP systems, since it is customers of proprietary ERP systems, who are locked in with the vendors but on the other hand, they have security that the support exists. In the open source world, this criterion can be interpreted as having a large enough community, which could support the organization implementing a particular open source ERP system. Reliability Vendors providing proprietary ERP systems try to achieve as high reliability as possible but community using an open source ERP system might be able to find errors faster, since it is larger in numbers and each of them tries to make sense of code. While in proprietary ERP system vendor organization, it is always the same people looking into the code, so it is much harder for them to spot a mistake, especially in the code, which was written by them. Ease  of  Use It is unclear whether proprietary or open source ERP systems are easier to use. On one hand, ERP system vendors try to achieve competitive advantage providing ERP systems that are easier to use. On the other hand, open source solutions are, in general, believed to be less user-friendly [51, 52]. But the community of users (with programming skills) is likely to improve the system to the level that is more-or-less acceptable for most of the users. Customization Proprietary ERP systems are often programmed in vendor-specific languages. Companies can be sure that vendors (or their partners) will customize and set up their ERP systems. But it also means that they are locked to the vendor (or its partners). Since open source ERP systems are programmed in widely known programming languages, there is a greater pool of potential programmers, who can do it. Openness of code is not a domain of OSS ERPs anymore. E. g. MS Dynamics AX allows users to change a significant percentage of the code. Integration Customers are often searching for means of integration of their systems/data. Many proprietary ERP systems inherently allow for usage of data warehouses. It is possible that there fewer proprietary than open source ERP systems, which allow for communication to other systems through API. On the other hand, this communication can be solved even by less standard means (through customization). Organizational  Fit Existing ERP systems try to focus on business processes, however it can be suggested that they do not explicitly describe the business processes that are supported. Besides that, ERP systems are not easily adjustable to changes in business processes. Unfortunately, it seems that this is a problem of both open source and proprietary ERP systems. Flexibility Flexibility is required because of rapidly changing environment, which is likely to lead to new business models, which need to be supported without disturbing the end-users and on-going business. This requires an ERP system to have a robust architecture, which would allow for these requirements. Many existing proprietary ERP systems arose from MRP systems through small iterations. So systems, which were created more recently and do not carry this burden, are more likely to be more flexible, which could be the case ith open source ERP systems. Training First, it can be said that the amount of training required depends on the ERP systems  Ã¢â‚¬â€œhow self-explanatory it is and how many functions it offers. Secondly, users of  proprietary ERP systems are more-or-less dependent on the vendor or partner’s related to the specific ERP system. On  the other hand, users of open source ERP  systems may have a hard time to find a consultancy company offering training for a particular system. Latest  Technologies There is no reason why proprietary ERP systems should be better in using latest technology but it is mostly vendors of proprietary ERP systems, who claim that their competitive advance (over other (regardless whether open source or proprietary) ERP systems) is usage of latest technology. Proprietary vendors may promote them more but similar solutions may exist  in the open source world. OpenERP is a full suite of business software, including the following modules: Accounting: Record your operations in a few clicks and manage all your financial activities in one place. Application Builder:   The OpenERP application builder lets you customize every module of OpenERP directly from the web interface without any development required. CRM: Track leads and opportunities customized your sales cycle, controls statistics and forecasts and marketing campaign automation to improve your sales performance. Human Resources:   The module is for personnel information management, leave, time tracking, attendance‚ expenses, payroll, periodic evaluations and recruitment. Invoicing:  Create and supervise your entire supplier and customer invoices. Manufacturing:  Plan and control your supply chain through different applications in the Manufacturing module. Marketing:  Marketing campaigns can help you automate email and email sending, qualify leads and encourage customers to contact the right department. Point of Sale:  The OpenERP touch screen point of sale allows you to manage your shop sales. Its fully web-based so you dont need to install or deploy any software. Project Management: Keep track and manage your projects using tasks for short term project execution or plan phases for long term planning. Purchase:  Create and track your purchase orders, manage your suppliers info, control your products reception process and check suppliers invoices. Warehouse Management:  An inventory management system to easily manage complex needs: tracking stocks of suppliers/customers, full traceability, accounting links, and more. OpenERP supports multi-warehouse management based on hierarchical location structure. Because OpenERP is open source and backed by a large community, you can take advantage of more than 700 OpenERP modules on the  OpenERP Apps website. These applications extend functionality of the ERP software and provide more business apps for things like manufacturing, localization, project management and more. The other benefit to users is that you do not need to use all the business apps. You can choose only the modules that you need for your business from the suite (e. g. just CRM or CRM and invoicing). This keeps your OpenERP tidy and less overwhelming if you do not need all the business apps. You can add additional modules (at no cost) as you need them. Architecture Compiere and ERP5 are two of the top notch open source ERP systems that are widely accepted and implemented. The architecture of an Open Source ERP can be explained using the structured architectural design of compere and a comparison with ERP5. ERP5 offers powerful ERP solution for small businesses. ERP5 was originally developed as apparel industry solution for an organization with more than 300 employees on 5 internationally distributed sites. The special requirements of the apparel industry are mass customization of products and hence the need for handling unstructured and multimedia data. Mass customization means that many variants of a product are possible. The original modules are now generalized as business templates. It has the exact features that include customer relationship management (CRM), production management (MRP), supply chain management (SCM), product design management (PDM), accounting, human resources and e-commerce. For the small businesses, ERP5 has an Express edition which integrates ERP, CRM and KM funtionality. ERP5 uses the open source Python based ZOPE (Z Object Publishing Environment) application server and content management framework as its foundation. The web based Zope Management Interface is used as IDE for developing ERP5 modules. The application server also supports multiple languages, provides a security model, object persistence, and remote object access trough HTTP, XML-RPC and SOAP. ERP5 uses, extends or provides 5 important Zope components: Page Templates implement the web user interface and presentation logic. Workflows are used for the development of various types of decision workflows ERP5Form49 is used for web form development. XMLObjects add synchronization capabilities and autonomous activity (timed, pre- and postcondition triggers) to ERP5- Zope objects. The synchronization of distributed sites is carried out through XML export and import and also supports unreliable communication channels, which are allowed to fail. The duplication of reporting data to a relational database allows simple SQL querying. Compiere is uniquely designed to avoid the duplication of information and the need for synchronization. The design of Compiere allows customization of the application done easily. Modules in compiere include CRM, Quote to Cash, Requisition-to-Pay, Partner Relations Management, Warehouse, Supply Chain Management, Performance Analysis, Double-entry Book-keeping, Work-flow-Management and Web Store. Compieres architecture uses a fat Java Client (Java Webstart). The accounting engine is on the application server (JBOSS J2EE container). Thin Web clients are used for web store and some CRM functionality. There is also a beta thin client serving all forms, but it needs further work to be equivalent to the fat client. The used application server supports clustering. No cluster installation is documented. Emails can be sent and files can be attached to documents. Compiere has a built-in reporting engine. A Sourceforge side project provides Jasper Report77 integration. CSV export and import of data is provided by the commercially available migration tool. Other interfaces can be developed in Java using the briefly (Javadoc) documented APIs (application programming interfaces). The database abstraction layer is SQL-centric which was initially developed for Oracle. Commercial and Open Source ERP Software Pricing: Most open source software is freely distributed with no up-front licensing fees. Further savings come from ease of deployment, training and integration. Companies that implement open source ERP solutions often report a 50% savings over proprietary systems. With free systematic  open source ERP training methodology like SOSE! Site you can own your software for no cost. Commercial ERP is an expensive package and suitable only for bigger corporations. The prices do vary significantly but according to the size of the company and volume of business. In any cases they have been found to be extremely costly irrespective of the quantum in which they are purchased. These packages are not subject to flexibility and molding. Their usage modalities are rarely liberal and cause troubles when they are modified. Hence the deployments also turn out to be costly and inconvenient due to the procedures involved, in the future. Another major allegation against the package is that they consist of lot of  hidden costs. Flexibility: When you compare commercial and open source ERP, commercial systems are not flexible in nature. They let business with no other choice but to change their way of business. However when it comes to open source ERP everything was decided by the code . Therefore companies can do the necessary modifications in code and without much support from the vendor. Another advantage of open source is that it does not interfere with the regular schedule of the company during the implementation stage. This is a major difference between commercial and open source ERP applications. You should use business software for your needs, you should not change the way of your business to fit into software needs. Duration:- When you study commercial and open source ERP,The time allotted for implementing open source ERP is very less when compared with commercial ERP. The innumerable number of complexions in commercial ERP calls for longer time span. It consumes a lot of time not only during implementation but in every stage of ERP process due to the nature of work involved. With use of SITE  ERP implementation methodology  you can reduce time required for open source ERP to the minimum. Dependence: When it comes to the question of relying on the vendor the open source ERP owners enjoys a considerable edge than the commercial ERP. Since open source are license free users having full freedom for taking care of needs by themselves. The productivity is also high in open source ERP systems and the failure rates are very low. Results: Success rate of open source ERP are considerably more compare to proprietary ERP software’s. Read  open source ERP success stories  for more details. Training: Lots of training is required for using commercial ERP. It calls for lots of investments in terms of time and money. If they dont give the necessary impetus the results will be poor. Similarly validity of training sessions designed and handled exclusively by the ERP vendor is also debatable. On the other hand Open Source ERP does not require much training. The results are also bound to be effective because the user gets to learn through the process of self training. The company need not spend much on training and makes a minimal utilization of the resources. This is another way of reducing the level of dependence on the ERP vendor. You can get free  online ERP training  with SOSE!. Security: On comparing commercial and open source ERP applications, Commercial ERP systems are less secure. They are by and large prone to the traps and pitfalls of hackers. Even though open source ERP makes everything transparent and available in the public domain it bring into the notice of user whenever something goes wrong. Visibility: Few end users change the underlying code of an open source application. But when the need arises, open source provides access to the code to make changes to suit each distributor’s unique business needs. Open source customers enjoy a refreshing level of transparency from their vendors around activities such as bug reporting and fixing and road map planning. Longevity: Virtually any ERP solution will work well when initially deployed, but time is the true test of every ERP solution and vendor. Unforeseen opportunities will likely drive changes to a business’ objectives and necessitate changes to its ERP solution. Independently, a vendor’s commitment to supporting a solution could change over time. An open source solution with a flexible foundation addresses today’s needs and safeguards the solution’s future. Because the user has the source code, a solution can never be bought or merged out of existence, meaning the investment lasts as long as needed. Independent services for  ERP implementation support  is also available for free with open source ERP. | Conclusion: Functionality is the top consideration when reviewing ERP solutions, but it should be closely linked with evaluating open source and proprietary options. The demonstrable benefits of open source products reach deep into a company’s infrastructure. You can evaluate and  select business ERP software  which give functionality you need. The differences between  commercial and open source ERP  show the Edge enjoyed by open source ERP players. And independent free ERP trainer likes SOSE! Will help open source ERP to reach people. Open Source ERP Solution Pros * Negligible Investment and Maintenance Costs Open source ERP solutions hold a big pro in the fact that there are no huge un-front licensing fees, pre-sales cost associated with them, thus, the initial cost of an Open Source ERP solution is usually far less than a comparable proprietary program. There’s minimal dependency on the ERP vendor in most cases. In a study done by Meta Group, where it surveyed 63 companies – including small, medium and large enterprises in a range of industries – it was found that the average cost of implementation of ERP was $15 million, with the highest as $300 million and lowest as $400,000. Commercial ERP also has pre-sales cost associated with them. * Widely customizable Open Source ERP solutions are highly customizable allowing for companies to mold them to meet specific business process requirements. It is possible because it comes with two versions of code; the compiled version and the un-compiled version. There are a few reasons to do customizations, which are; functionality needed for core competencies, your front or back office systems require the customizations, you want more or less fields, or you have regulatory requirements that require the customization. So, if you need customizations, then by all means you must have them with a clear eye on the whos who of the support of customizations and financials needed. But, commercial ERP does not provide an easy and inexpensive customization of the ERP software to fit the business model changes whatsoever. Flexibility Open source ERP gives lots of freedom like free redistribution, freedom to access and modify the source code and freedom for the end user to use it for any purpose they wish to. GPL licensing of Open Source Software enables developer community to rapidly contribute to the software development and enhance features. * Total Cost of Ownership TCO of Open Source ERP solution may be less given the option of virtually free ope rating systems (Linux)and databases (MySQL) and potentially lower maintenance fees. Independent Integrations Open Source ERP solutions typically have a wide range of integration formats so that they are employable well with other software components. * Ease of Training Open source ERP packages come with complete licenses, comprehensive documentation and user manuals, helping the users to learn and understand their usage. No special trainings or consultants may be hired. * Ease with implementation The implementation can also be carried out separately without disturbing the regular operation of the business. Also, with open source ERP, the customers can do any sort of experimentations even while in production without losing the base or 100% availability. * Shorter implementation timings -The open source ERP packages require considerably shorter implementation time, which is another big positive aspect whereas in case of commercial ERPs , even six months are considered to be short period for implementation * Reduced or no Dependency on ERP Vendor As the open source ERP packages have proper documentation and user manuals, there is no or reduced dependency on ERP vendor to come and fix the issue. A good programmer can handle the issue in considerably less time. * High Accuracy and Quality The productivity and accuracy is high in the case of open source ERP systems. Also, the failure rates are often discovered to be on the lower side in comparison to commercial ERP packages. All open software has strong user community which is also very responsive and very knowledgeable. * Open source testing The open source users in the process of development are able to thoroughly test and 99% of the bugs are reported and highly secure. Except a very few, most of the commercial ERP systems are tested to a decent extent, but still are many security flaws, traps, pitfalls and loop holes, which can be easily harnessed by the hackers. * Handling security With the ever evolving nature of technology, security has become a problem of the past. And, there are many open source security applications on the market today which can be easily used with open-source ERP, which include; Nessus, Snort, Nagios, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, Open SSL, OpenSSH, Nmap, Ossec HIDS, and Wireshark. Open Source ERP Solution Cons * Risk of over-customization Delivering customized codes could prove troublesome for some organizations just in case you get into over-done customization and you can’t get out of it. Too many customizations can be a definite issue. * Difficulty in finding implementation and support resources Open Source ERP solutions also calls for the best and finest programmers of open source  ERP solutions on the code. This may be difficult and may cause higher support costs at times. Compatibility Issues with Proprietary Packages Some of the open source ERP packages are incompatible with the proprietary products of certain corporations like Microsoft, Oracle, or IBM etc (sometime due to variation in platform used for implementation). * Lack of Dedicated Support from a Specific Vendor Despite all of the benefits of open source ERP packages, the fear of the failure of open source ERP package during crucial stages of a project is considerable driving forces for commercial ERPs where vendors provide dedicate support in lieu of big bucks on licensing costs. Unstructured approach to issue resolution There are no proper defined product roadmaps and time line as most of the enhancements and bug fixes are done by freelancers and independent consulting companies and developers based on their requirements. * Devoid of feature- richness Proprietary software are feature-lade and have more features that are not found in the case of open source ERP packages mostly and may be cited helpful by commercial ERP vendors as a tool of ease and productivity. Open Source ERP Success Story Open source ERP has had its own share of successful implementations. There is no better argument for the use of an ERP solution than a testimonial by and organization which has used the system and reaped benefits from what the software has to offer. Let us take a look at a successful implementation that happened at a Danish pharmaceutical firm named Pharma Nord. The implementation was done by a firm by the name Compiere Company Overview Denmark-based Pharma Nord is one of Europe’s largest manufacturers of preventive dietary supplements and herbal remedies. The 500-person company, founded in 1981, develops, manufactures and markets scientifically well-founded dietary supplements, herbal remedies and medical drugs with optimal bio-availability. Pharma Nord’s products are available in 50 countries throughout Europe, Asia and North America. Issue At Hand Due to market success with its initial line of dietary supplements, Pharma Nord was continually expanding its product line and markets served. Growth in the regulated pharmaceutical industry, however, requires precise inventory management to address business and regulatory complexity. Pharma Nord’s ERP solution requirements extended well beyond the standard set of distribution and accounting functionality that performs at a global scale. They viewed the selection of an ERP solution as having a 15-20 year life. For a solution to succeed for more than 15 years, product licensing, ease of customization and confidence in the vendor were as important as out-of-the-box functionality The Solution Pharma Nord uses Compiere to manage its sales orders, invoicing, cash collections, purchasing and accounting for its sales subsidiaries and also to manage receipts and shipments in its warehouses. Pharma Nord liked what they saw in the earliest versions of Compiere in 2001. Using knowledge gained at a Compiere training class, Jacob Pedersen, Compiere Project Manager, completed an initial Compiere deployment in early 2002 focused on a single subsidiary. â€Å"We did it on the basis that we would probably find things that need to change along the way. And we have. It’s been with us, it’s been upgraded and we’ve changed quite a few things. We’ve been able to migrate to new versions of Compiere all the way from 2002 and now we’re here at 2008. I find that quite impressive. Before selecting an ERP solution, Pharma Nord assessed a number of offerings, notably Compiere and Navision. Midway through the evaluation, Navision was acquired by Microsoft. A few months later, the Linux version of Navision was discontinued. These events were eyeopening for Pharma Nord’s information technology and executive teams. The result was an even stronger requi rement for the kind of open source licensing offered by Compiere to ensure Pharma Nord’s long-term ERP success. Services from the Compiere Partner Network and Compiere helped Pharma Nord succeed. For example, the 2001 version of Compiere lacked support for tracking lot/batch numbers and expiry dates—essential functionality for the pharmaceutical industry. Pharma Nord’s sponsorship accelerated the development of this general use functionality. â€Å"We wrote the specification of exactly what the software should be able to do and it was developed by the Compiere team. † Pedersen Results Seven years after initial deployment, Pharma Nord is still going strong with Compiere. Their database has grown over the years as they’ve added business partners, products and transactions. Having transaction history available for analysis and reporting is a nice benefit from using a single product continuously over time. â€Å"What’s great about Compiere is that everything is stored at the most detailed level,† explained Pedersen. â€Å"So whenever you need to do reporting, you have a number of dimensions to work with. You can combine each product, different sizes, and different countries. All of those will be dimensions. Since you can report and group on these dimensions, you can get the answer you’re looking for by grouping and merging these data afterwards. With its sales and distribution operations productive with Compiere, Pedersen is looking toward the future: â€Å"Pharma Nord is also a manufacturing company. We manufacture all of our products ourselves. We know that Compiere is also working on manufacturing capabilities. † The Bottom Line Several unbelievably productive, efficient and highly secure open source ERP packages are not y et well recognized in the market, most of the customers are still prepared to shell out big bucks on custom commercial ERP packages. This might be due to the credibility that the big ERP producing organizations like SAP and Oracle. In times that are proving increasingly tough for organizations the world over; organizations are taking measures to tighten their operations and keeping stock of each and every penny that is spent; open source ERP packages provide a very robust and cost effective alternative for midsize companies who might not have a big budget allocated to cover their IT requirements. Even the large corporations can cut maintenance costs by making use of these brilliant packages. However, lack of support from a particular vendor is something that the open source ERP packages badly lack, and comp

Business proposal “Airasia” Essay Essay Example

Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Example Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay The company selected for this concern proposal is AirAsia Berhad ( afterlife referred as AirAsia ) and both the concern and fiscal public presentation of AirAsia would be analysed from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. â€Å"The company was incorporated in 2001. as a private limited liability company both incorporated and domiciled in Malaysia. AirAsia was converted into a public limited liability company on 8th June 2004 and became listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on 22 November 2004. The chief activity of AirAsia is supplying Air Transportation Services† . The vision of AirAsia has been â€Å"to be the largest low cost air hose in Asia and functioning the 3 billion people who are presently underserved with hapless connectivity and high fares† . AirAsia’s mission is to make a globally recognized trade name in the ASEAN ( Association of Southeast Asian Nations ) and sustain profitableness growing with the highest quality services and technological promotions. The doctrine of AirAsia is to do winging possible for everyone. Since 2001. AirAsia had fleetly broken travel norms across the Earth. where it is a taking low-cost bearer that does non necessitate farther debut in ASEAN. With the tagline â€Å"Now everyone can fly† . AirAsia ferried 135 million invitees as at 31 December 2011. Furthermore during the past decennary AirAsia established successful ventures with Thai AirAsia. Indonesia AirAsia. AirAsia Philippines. AirAsia Japan and AirAsia X ( chiefly focused on long-haul section ) . leting AirAsia to take low-priced winging to a farther degree with a path web that spans over 20 states. Reasons for making this concern proposal Prior cognition The chief ground for choosing this subject is to use anterior cognition obtained from the concern and fiscal faculties antecedently covered in the ACCA course of study. Furthermore. fiscal analysis is important in construing consequences disclosed in the fiscal statements. Availability of information Besides handiness of one-year studies and other concern beginnings provided me with equal information to analyze the public presentation of AirAsia that farther encouraged in taking this subject. The one-year studies were readily available from the company web site and no clip was wasted on extraction of it. Reasons for taking AirAsiaExtensive growing of AirAsiaIn January 2002. AirAsia had merely two aeroplanes that had been winging to six finishs within Malaysia. During the past decennary AirAsia had significantly expanded to wing over 80 finishs with a fleet of 97 aircrafts as at 31 December 2011. Hence I was motivated to happen out how AirAsia managed to accomplish successful growing and a healthy underside line. Famous in South East Asia ( SEA ) AirAsia is one of the largest and most popular low cost air hoses in SEA. which had facilitated going at low-cost monetary values ; which is the chief ground behind riders preferring AirAsia for both domestic and international flights. Furthermore the finishs flown by AirAsia screens more hubs compared to other air hoses and riders are presented with bundled travel bundle options. which include air ticket. hotel adjustment. travel services. In add-on. AirAsia was chosen as the â€Å"World’s Best Low-Cost Airline† awarded by Skytrax World Airline for four back-to-back old ages ( from twelvemonth 2009 to 2012 ) . Furthermore. in the twelvemonth 2009 and 2011. AirAsia was awarded with â€Å"Best Asiatic Low-Cost Carrier† award by TTG Travel Awards. Undertaking aims and research questionsProject objectives To analyze and measure the fiscal public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period by comparing its public presentation against Tiger Airways Holdings Li mited utilizing relevant fiscal ratios. To analyze and measure the concern public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period utilizing the staying three positions of the Balance Scorecard technique To measure. with grounds whether AirAsia is a worthwhile investing chance Research questionsHow did AirAsia financially perform in comparing with its rival Tiger Airways? How does AirAsia’s fiscal public presentation impact on its stockholders? How was AirAsia’s concern public presentation within the 3 old ages? How does AirAsia manage to prolong its ‘no-frills’ scheme and place amidst the increasing competition? Beginnings of informationPrimary informations sourcesPrimary informations refers to new informations collected by a research worker associating to the issues of the survey. The methods used to roll up primary informations involve questionnaires. observations. studies and interviews. The research worker who collects the information is referred as primary user ( s ) . Primary informations would non be used in this undertaking as it is clip devouring to roll up such informations and several information is readily available. Therefore information available from secondary beginnings will be used to run into the undertaking aims and research inquiries defined earlier. Secondary informations sourcesSecondary informations r efers to informations gathered by person else and already used for their ( primary users’ ) intent. The individual set abouting the research is referred as the secondary user. who would set about desk or library research for the said undertaking. The chief beginnings of secondary informations used for undertaking are: TextbooksTextbooks were used as the chief beginning of information as they were complied by people who have vast cognition in the capable country and be given to be more dependable and accurate compared to other beginnings. The chief types of text editions referred in this undertaking for fiscal analysis are ACCA BPP survey stuffs and academic mention books such as â€Å"Accounting Principles† by Weygandt. Kimmel and Kieso and â€Å"Financial and managerial accounting† by Horngren. Harrison and Oliver. To analyze the company’s concern public presentation. â€Å"Alignment: utilizing the balanced scorecard to make corporation synergies† by Kaplan. Roberts and Norton had been referred to. Electronic beginnings E-sources were used due to convenience and effectiveness. The chief e-source used was AirAsia’s web site to abstract the one-year studies and all information sing the company. Additionally. Internet had been used for farther reading to heighten academic cognition and obtain relevant newspaper articles and other information about the company.

Converting Wavelength to Frequency of Light

Converting Wavelength to Frequency of Light This example problem demonstrates how to find the frequency of light from the wavelength. Wavelength is the distance or length between the peaks, troughs, or other fixed points on a wave. Frequency is the rate at which successive peaks, valleys, or points pass per second. Wavelength to Frequency Problem The Aurora Borealis is a night display in the Northern latitudes caused by ionizing radiation interacting with the Earths magnetic field and the upper atmosphere. The distinctive green color is caused by the interaction of the radiation with oxygen and has a wavelength of 5577 Ã…. What is the frequency of this light? Solution The speed of light, c, is equal to the product of the wavelength, ÃŽ », and the frequency, ÃŽ ½.ThereforeÃŽ ½ c/ÃŽ »ÃŽ ½ 3 x 108 m/sec/(5577 Ã… x 10-10 m/1 Ã…)ÃŽ ½ 3 x 108 m/sec/(5.577 x 10-7ÃŽ ½ 5.38 x 1014 Hz Answer: The frequency of the 5577 Ã… light is ÃŽ ½ 5.38 x 1014 Hz.

Lsweek4rem3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lsweek4rem3 - Essay Example The arguments put by Kilduff and Mehra (1997) are based on earlier discussions by Rosenau (1992). However they also mention the idea of that postmodernism can be thought of as one of the great 20th century challenges, an idea put forward by Wisdom ( 1987) This particular argument is not only about research in social sciences, but also within areas such as physics (Farney, 1994;) as cited in 1997 by Kilduff and Mehra. Alvensson and Skoldberg (1995) point out that critically evaluating a variety of issues will provide insight for reflective ways to investigate social sciences. The authors focus on the way in which issues are described and articulated which appears to ensue from using the expressions postmodernism and modernism. Their discussion is concerned with the use of postmodernism as being a means used by researchers when they wish to put forward a totally new image. Going back to Kilduff and Mehra (1997), they discuss postmodernism concepts as being linked with the process of knowledge creation. This they do by discussing the writing of Giroux (1992) who stated that within postmodern research the aims are to challenge the makeup and shape of prevailing patterns of knowledge as well as how to create new types of knowledge. This., it is suggested, happens when disciplinary boundaries are broken down and when those who are relatively unrepresented are given their voice. I find myself agreeing with postmodernism. concepts when it comes to knowledge creation. There needs to be a focus upon two things – the way in which postmodernism presents a challenge to older models of knowledge as well as the production of new knowledge. In the work situation there needs to be a challenging of the already existing body of knowledge while at the same time ensuring that new knowledge is being produced. This means that postmodernism can be a successful conce pt when it comes to the creation of new bodies of knowledge. How has