Getting Back to Basics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Returning to Basics - Essay Example Legitimate thoughtfulness regarding the faculty work improves the productivity of the work power and the degree of hierarchical execution. For example, when arranging a change (quality upgrades) the director ought to consider the sort of assets important for every movement, gear or aptitude gatherings. The errands of the administrators are to choose assets and frameworks utilized in quality control. Likewise, the supervisor may consider the aptitude types vital as well as specific people (Cope, 2000). All frameworks (machines, methods, forms, hardware, interchanges) rely on administrative choices. For example, if quality administration has a few requirements, the exercises should be surveyed so extra assets can be utilized on the undertaking to diminish low quality. It is significant not to overestimate their proficiency. A director might not have the opportunity to check all that others do, so there is a component of hazard here. Further requirements are the capacity to hold the targets unmistakably at the top of the priority list paying little mind to the mishaps that the quality administration may experience and, most importantly, a steady positive thinking about the result of the task and the group's capacity to succeed. The instance of Canbide represents that quality administration can't be successfully actualized without great administrators and their control.

Sectionalism 1820

Sectionalism 1820-1860 Essay The South ? low migration, enormous salary dissimilarity, recreated Medieval EuropeA.Cotton Kingdom ? 1788 ? South biting the dust, exhausted land, unmarketable productsa.Slavery expanded ? Eli Whitney ? Cotton Gini.Increased work additionally improved Northern delivery industryb.? cotton in world from the South, England 75% from Southi.England economy relied upon Southern cottonB.Planter Aristocracy ? ?cottonocracy? ? theocracy ? hardly any control manya.Biggest grower controlled social, political, financial lifeb.Received best training ? legislators who served publici.Public instruction suffersc.Women got tied up with framework ? controlled householdsC.Poor whites ? acknowledged framework, fantasy about climbing, required racial superiorityD.Scotch Irish ? Appalachian Mountains ? ?white refuse? ? human advancement ignoredE.Nature of Slaverya.One twentieth century see ? bondage finishing, proprietors paternalistic, blacks normally second rate ? should be taken consideration of1.Not genuine ? financially as yet growing, not dying2.1954 Slavery thinks about to fixation camps3.Paternalistic ? childish technique just to get more labor4.Slaves counterfeit ?Sambo? lethargy as strategy for adapting/rebelb.Black ladies must adjust as white parental figure, worker, family anchorThe North ? industry, fabricating, overwhelming movement ? urbanizedA. Migration ? 95% went toward the Northa. Irish ? NY/Boston ? low gifted work ? left because of potato famineb. German ? left because of harvest disappointments, popular government disappointment of 1848 revolution1. Midwest ? contributed gave US writing, kindergarten, Xmas treeThe West ? youthful pulled in, bold open doors ? life very decimated land ? exhausted, simply proceeded onward ? pushed out Indians, animalsB.Frontier ? conviction that you can generally begin new out WestC.More fairness for ladies, gracefully and request, they can leave if not treated properlyD.Squatters ? just move to land, construct house, guarantee p roperty ? difficult to commence

Fremont

Fremont Fremont fre ´mont [key]. 1 City (1990 pop. 173,339), Alameda co., W Calif., on San Francisco Bay; inc. 1956. Long an agricultural center, with champagne vineyards founded (1870) by Leland Stanford , it still ships fruits and vegetables. Its economy was transformed in the 1960s, however, after General Motors opened a huge automobile assembly plant, later part of a joint venture with Toyota Motor Corp. Toyota closed the plant in 2010; Tesla Motors is now located there. With the addition of computer, semiconductor, and electronics industries, Fremont became one of the fastest growing U.S. cities. Mission San Jose de Guadalupe (1797) has been restored as a museum. The city is home to the California School for the Deaf and a large aquatic park. 2 City (1990 pop. 23,680), seat of Dodge co., E central Nebr., on the Platte River; inc. 1858. It is a trade, shipping, and processing center for a grain-growing, dairying, and grazing prairie area. Midland Lutheran College is there. 3 C ity (1990 pop. 17,648), seat of Sandusky co., N Ohio, on the Sandusky River; inc. 1849. It is a trade and industrial center in an agricultural region specializing in sugar-beet processing and canning. The battle of Fort Stephenson was fought there (1813) during the War of 1812. Shipbuilding was an early industry. The house and tomb of President Rutherford B. Hayes (a state memorial) are in Spiegel Grove State Park. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Energy Joint Genome Institute ( Mpi ) For Terrestrial...

This is the introduction and presents the problem the paper addresses. Now a team from the Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg, Germany, by tapping the DNA synthesis expertise of the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), has reverse engineered a biosynthetic pathway for more effective carbon fixation. This novel pathway is based on a new CO2-fixing enzyme that is nearly 20 times faster than the most prevalent enzyme in nature responsible for capturing CO2 in plants by using sunlight as energy. The study was published in the November 18, 2016 issue of Science. We had seen how efforts to directly assemble synthetic pathways for CO2-fixation in a living organism did not succeed so far, said Tobias Erb of MPI, who led the study. So we took a radically different, reductionist approach by assembling synthetic principal components in a bottom-up fashion in a test tube The team started with several theoretical CO2-fixation routes that coul d result in continuous carbon cycling. But they didn t stop there. We did not restrict our design efforts to known enzymes, but considered all reactions that seemed biochemically feasible, Erb said. Unlike DNA sequencing, where the language of life is read from the genome of an organism, DNA synthesis entails first the identification of a particular genetic element -- such as an enzyme for fixing carbon from the atmosphere -- and writing and expressing that code in a new system. In the

Anorexia Nervosa Is A Serious Eating Disorder - 1324 Words

We are all human, and it is only human nature to want to want to look your best and present yourself in the most becoming way possible. All of us at one point in our lives have wanted to change something about our appearance, if not we have entertained the thought at the very least. We live in a society and culture today that puts a tremendous amount of significance on the importance of the body. Not only from a health and wellness perspective, but more along the lines of having a strong desire to be skinny, or slim. The kind of physical appearance that is often unattainable. Anorexia Nervosa is a serious eating disorder that affects both women and men of different ages. Anorexia Nervosa can be understood and defined when â€Å"Patients weigh†¦show more content†¦If we really take a look at the paramount issue of what causes anorexia, one of the significant factors is the idea of losing control. Psychological and environmental factors are key. For example, a young girl, n ot yet gone through puberty has found herself going through a rapid series of changes and finds herself becoming anorexic. We could link this to the control axis due to the idea that the girl is indeed afraid of becoming a woman, and this would indicate a loss of control through bodily changes, hence anorexia submerges to gain control. Not only does control prevail in that specific kind of area, it also manifests into other areas such as exercise, and academic accomplishment. It is said that â€Å"the two major life transitions that most commonly contribute to the onset of an eating disorder are puberty and leaving for college† (â€Å"University Life can Trigger Disordered Eating,† 2011). University life can trigger the onset of an eating disorder because of the significance of the transition as well as dramatic change in environment. It is also estimated that 11 percent of college students suffer from an eating disorder (â€Å"University Life can Trigger Disordered Eating,† 2011). Another significant way that anorexics govern themselves through self management and discipline can be seen in the dualist axis. This is specifically a factor where anorexics see their body as something separate

Human Resource Planning and Development Free Essays

Introduction: Tesco is largest present day British retailer. Started by Mr. jack Cohen from small grocery stall in east London in 1919. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Planning and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Tesco brand appeared five years later in 1924 as a result of Mr. T. E. Stockwell brought consignment of tea. Tesco name designed by combining the initial letters Te- s- co in 1929 to open first Tesco store in Burnt oak , North London.(source: www.thetimes100.co.uk) Since then Tesco expanding by getting hold to the market by understanding customers need in the right way. In the United Kingdom Today Tesco have more than 2200 stores (source:www.thetimes100.co.uk). From large hyper market Tesco Direct to small Tesco Express. By maintaining the variety product range from grocery to general merchandise. Tesco diversified their business in sectors like electrical good, telephone equipment, banking , airtime, insurance services and now a day Tesco providing electronic shoppingservice via their web site to attract their customers, achieving their primary aim ‘to serve customers’ (Source:www.thetimes100.co.uk) As the company grown up and spread worldwide from one man and one stall. Its efficient work force also amplified. (sourse:www.thetimes100.co.uk). Task 1 : Human Resource management Personnel management is old style name of HR management. HRM is particularly focused to develop peoples and nurture to achieve organisational goal. Traditional view of HR have mainly four objectives. Staffing objective: Staffing make sure that make right staff available for right work at the correct time. By means of that identifying feature of the job and executing recruitment process, select to assure correct match and retaining the same. Performance objective: once staff is at right position they need to encourage to perform. This is achieved by development process, giving target and appraisal system. . Change management objective: These needs if organisation are in constantly developing in modern competitive world . Administrative objectives: These need to fulfil for organisation to run smoothly. These include paying the employee regularly, Employment legislation needs. Maintainproper and accurate records. Administration also deals with the legislation, equal opportunity, managing diversity, and also with recruitment, retaliation , training and rewards. (Blosi,W,2007) Human resource activities: Strategic HR management, following the equal opportunity employment, fulfil the staffing need of the organisation, human resource development, Dealing with the compensation and benefits to the staff. Dealing with health, safety and security aspects, performance management. General goals of HR are enhancing productivity and quality, complying with legal and social obligations, promoting individual growth and development and make progress in organisational effectiveness. Personnel Management: Personnel management is term which describe the policies of the organisation, and process to manage people at work . It is old fashion name of the human resource management. It works in same fashion to HRM strategy and the business strategy. It state that line manager is responsible for managing peoples. personnel management is activity aimed primarily at non managers .it influenced line management. Legge (1989) Difference between Human resource management and personnel management Human resource models: Number of models are available for human resource management. Matching Model: Fombrun et al.’s(1984) focus on the resource feature of HRM. and use peoples towards objectives. HR should be get cheaply and use to the fullest. (source: Fombrun et al.’s(1984)) HR should be managed according to organisational strategy. The matching model say’s that human resource cycle consists of standard functions. (Fombrun et al.’s(1984)) That is selection of most appropriate resource. Proper Appraisal depending on performance, Rewards for achievement to encourage future performance and fourth is development developing high quality employee through training. Fombrun et al.’s(1984) Harvard frame work model: Depend on view point , how organisation want to see employees and their development. It underline the human aspect. related to organisation-employee relationship. It also consider the interest of shareholders related to objectives of organisation Ref: Beer et.al (1984) Model based on the four policies: Human resource flow in the organisation, reward system fallowed by management, influence of the employee and work system in the organisation. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) The result that HR policies need to attain are commitment, competence, equivalence and cost effectiveness to maintain mutual trust and improve performance. Line managers set HR policies. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) It is extended through four policies first is setting goal. Integration of strategies, highly commitment to the goal, And giving high quality. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) Task 2 : A) Recruitment selection and retention: For new store I need to ensure the exact number of staff at right work at perticular time. For the new store staff will be required for different activities. As the store is in the small village I should select the staff from same locality, considering their availability for job and cost. For Recruitment first step is to understand the job requirement. Nature of the job. Then the method to recruit them. Internal recruitment : process in which current employees looking to move to the new store either at same position or on promotion. Internal recruitment helps to motivate for promotion and to improve performance. I first look for the employees internally from the database of the Tesco. (Source: www.thetimes100.co.uk) External recruitment: It is fulfil the position by recruiting the staff .Once decided to recruit selection of appropriate candidate and following cost effective method is important. (Source : www.thetimes100.co.uk ) For a new store I require line managers, Sales assistant, Check out staff, stock handlers, supervisors, warehouse employees, security, cleaner. Line managers :(05) Sales assistant :(25) Check out staff: (15) Warehouse employees: (15) Stock handlers:(20) Security: (10) Cleaner:(10) Job description: 1) Sales assistance: Job Title: sales assistance Responsible to: shop manager Hours : 45 per week Typical work activities include Customer handling in all areas of sales Should match and sets sales targets in busy and pressured environment. Giving suggestion to the customers Handling customer complaints. Arranging delivery dates . awareness of particular retail area may be required for some roles. Successful sales assistant should have good negotiation skill. (Sourse lorriaine, 2009) (Source: www.prospects.ac.uk) Person Specification: Sales Assistant Essential Should have Experience of working within a sales field. To be honest, dealing of cash and card handling. Should have excellent communication skills Should have understanding of customer care. Desirable: Experience in working witha similar shop. Experience in working as volunteer. Knowledge of Health and Safety issues. (www.greenandaway.org) 2) Job description security guard: Job Title: security guard Reporting to : line manager Hours : full time Patrolling of premises to insure security of doors, windows and gates Monitoring and authorization of entrance and departure of employees. Reporting of daily activities and irregularities. Call police or fire department in case of emergency Inspectingand adjust the functions of security systems, equipments, and machinery. (Sourece:www.careerplanner.com) Personnel specification for security guard: Recruitment process involves Advertisement of the job, Inviting applications, screening of application, Interview, Selection of the appropriate candidate. Advertisement: Advertisement of the job vacancy is crucial to attract the right candidate. Advertise the vacancy through internet, News papers, TV, radio, educational institutions , Public employment agencies, labour union. For new Tesco store I will advertise the vacancy on the Tesco carrier website and in local news papers, and putting the advertise on the site location as well as in the central place in that village. As peoples of that village are not well familiar with the use of modern technology like internet. Considering these facts I decided to put advertise in the village. Application forms : from the advertisement peoples will apply for the suitable post. After dead line of submitting the applications I will collect all the applications for further process. Screening of the applications ; from the all applicants CV I will scrutinise the appropriate applications and send letters to the selected candidates inviting them for interview. Interview: It is the most important stage of recruitment. For interview planning some issues must be considered like schedule of interview, Panel for interview, setting the room for interview. number of candidates etc. Assessment of candidate can be made by tests and interview Employment tests used to judge a person’s knowledge, skills and other characteristics. Different tests are ability tests like aptitude tests, Physical ability tests, Job knowledge test and Work sampler test Interview : After the tests the number of candidates short listed is relatively low as they can be easily interviewed and easy to judge right candidate. At the time of interview candidates is first time face to face. you can assess by asking the set of questions to candidate. We can gather more information about them. Questions about their qualification, experience, skills, hobbies interests, and personnel and family background etc. After interview we get clear idea about the applicants. From them appropriate candidates are selected. Then successful candidates are offered a job. B) Retention: Once the successful candidates are appointed it is very important to keep staff turn over very low to keep the cost down. As recruitment process is very costly. Retention is process by which staff is maintained within the organisation. As a long term policy of HR. Technical and talented staff is asset for organisation. Furthermore organisation have invested money on recruitment , training and development . Pay : Rising pay level reduce staff turnover. Payment is first aspect responsible for staff turnover .so it is important to give right pay level and increment to staff. (Sturges and guest 1999,p.19) Managing expectations: As organisation expect performance from the employee. Employee also expect from the organisation certain things like work environment, job satisfaction, and other facilities. We should understand their expectations and manage them timely. (Jenner and Tayler 2000,p.155) Appraisal: appraisal is process when you discuss the performance of employee. What is performance during the last year or specific time. Whether it is satisfactory or not. Then giving the pay rise or benefits for doing well and motivates them for future tasks. Induction: Effective timely induction to staff is necessary. So that staff can learn new things new roles in various sections and know more which can give him job satisfaction. Family friendly HR practise must be fallowed. Training and development: Training to the staff must be given time to time regarding their job. So they can improve their knowledge and get opportunity to develop and learn new things and skills. (Green et al.2000,pp 267-72) Improvement in the quality of the line management C )Legal and ethical issues considered during the recruitment: Employment protection act 1978: According to employment protection act 1978 after selection procedure offer of employment will be made at that time it is up to the applicant whether to accept it or reject it. Terms and contracts of employment must be clearly defined. also it must contain job title and date of commencement. Terms of payment is clearly mentioned. It also must contain details about working hours , Number of holidays given, Pay of the sick leaves , and pension. It must provide details of termination. It should also contain disciplinary procedures. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Sex discrimination act 1975: It is against law to discriminate by gender. men and women should be considered equally in all conditions of employment. Organisation must provide equal terms and conditions of employment. This act applies to all sectors. Law applies for both direct or indirect discrimination. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Race relation Act1976: According to race relation act 1976 one cannot discriminate on racial grounds and racial groups related to colour ,race ,religion ,nationality ,ethnic origin. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Equal pay act 1970: The act says to stop discrimination in terms of payment. Men and women employed should paid equally in the same work. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Disability discrimination act: This act is in forced to protect disabled peoples. Disabled peoples should not be discriminated when they apply for job. Law state that they should get chance to give interview. Place where they doing job must be made accessible to them. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Rehabilitation of offenders Act1974: This act is made to rehabilitation of convicted peoples. Law says that conviction of imprisonment for more than 30 months may be erased. if the offender does not commit further serious offence during rehabilitation he is eligible and we cannot discriminate him. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Task 3: a) Paul is 44 year old supervisor. It has been reported that recently he is coming late to the work and living early. He is working for Tesco since last 22 years but now days he is not disciplinary in his work. This has happen to him recently living early and coming late to work regularly specially on the Monday. When the complaint comes to me I call Mr.Paul in office and discuss the problem with him I enquire about his irregularities in work and whether he have any problem. He did not give any specific reason. So I give him first verbal warning and ask him to be regular. After first warning I observe him for next three months. I gave him chance to overcome. But within these next three months he didn’t improve. So I call him again and give him second verbal warningtold him that if you don’t improve this time I will take action. This time I told him that if he wants to bring a friend with him he can bring or if he wants to come with any union representative. Gave him another chance for next three months for improvement But within these three months his improvement was not satisfactory so this is the time for me to give him written warning. So I call him and told him to bring one witness with him friend, relative or a union person. He came with union person. I discuss his problem in front of union person and give written warning that it is his last chance for improvement if didn’t improve I will take action against him. The union representative try to cover him and told me that give him chance this time he will improve. He also told that he had some personal and family problems that’swhy he is not regular and unable to concentrate in his work. The union representative assure me that this time he will improve. So I again keep him under observation. Till this time I document all that had happened and collect the evidences recorded like his in time and out time to the job. So that it is useful for me to take further action. And observe him for next three months. This time I recognise improvement in his behaviour, he is coming in time and also going on time. Also his awareness of job is improved. So there is no need to take the case to the next level. b) Sheena is 28 years of old and she is a machine operator in a packaging department. Security staff reported me that he found her stealing some finished products and partly finished products. She is working for company since last 3 years. She has been told to report me next morning at 9.00 am. I took this complaint seriously when she came to my office I ask her about the incident and the explanation regarding to case. But as she has caught red handed she does not have any explanation. As it is first time I gave her strict verbal warning. I told security staff to keep close watch on her. For a few days her behaviour is normal but one day I again got complaint against her about stealing ofpartly finished goods. So this time I called her and told to bring any friend or relative or union representative with her. She came with union representative. I discuss the case with them. As case is very serious but union representative wants me to give her another chance and he is strongly defending her. So this time I gave her a written warning in front of union representative. And also tell them that she is not going to work in the same department. I transferred her to another department where only raw material is processed. So that she has nothing to steal there. And also warn her that it is her last chance. I document all the events and evidence to support the case and told security to keep watch on her. I gave her another chance to improve. But she does not improved after one month I got complaint against her this time I decided to take the case to next level. I collect all evidence and write a notice to her. The notice must be given by hand or by recorded post. So I called her to collect the notice and told her if she wants come with someone with her. She came with union representative. As a evidence one person must be there and it must be recorded. I told union representative that it is very serious matter and we have given her chance to improve but she did not. So there is no other alternative. I have to terminate her. But union representative is arguing with me but she does not have any strong point to defend her. So now the time to give her letter and sack. But union representative request me not to sack her otherwise her carrier may be in dark as she is young and no one will take to her for next job. So consider about her future. Then I told her to resign and she resigned from the job. Conclusion: Setting of work force is most important part for any business. To fulfil the demand of the staff. It consists of recruitment of new staff, selecting the appropriate staff. Train the existing staff. Motivate to work to achieve organisational target. And retain the staff. Tesco have many job opportunities. Always need people with correct skills to maintain the development. Tesco has very good organisational configuration for carry out job. Tesco have clear, easy and well defined procedure of recruitment and selection. So can manage its changing demand for the staff. Recommendation: As Tesco is developing very fast they must manage and maintain the work force. Tesco is spreading their wings in rural areas and villages to different countries. It must require additional work force so they should maintain the present staff. Train them to develop. Most important is to attract new innovative talent to their organisation. Specially recruit young staff management students. They should search from different colleges and also the trainee graduates. Understand the different needs of the different locality. And Tesco should enter in many other new fields of retailing to fulfil the customers all needs. Bibliography: 1. Blosi,W.(2007),†An introduction to human resource management†, Berkshire,McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Sission,K.(1989).†Personnel management in Britain†, basil Blackwell Ltd. 3. Trorrington,D.(2008 7th ed),â€Å"Human resource management†, England, Pearson. 4 .Yeung,R.(2008),†Successful Interviewing and recruitment†, Kogan page limited. 5.The Times 100 website: www.thetimes100.co.uk 6. http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study–recruitment-selection–132–323–1.php 7.http://www.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/retail_sales_assistant_job_description.jsp 8. http://www.careerplanner.com/Job-Descriptions/Security-Guards.cfm 9. www.greenandaway.org/objects/sust/SalesAssistPersonSpec.pdf 10. www.devonjobs.gov.uk/attachments/1263/TBE7141PS.doc 11.http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1978/cukpga_19780044_en1 12.http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1975/pdf/ukpga_19750065_en.pdf 13.http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1976/cukpga_19760074_en1 14. www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700041_en.pdf 15.http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950050_en_1 16.http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1974/cukpga_19740053_en1 How to cite Human Resource Planning and Development, Essay examples

Utopia Of More Essays - Utopian Fiction, Utopian Novels, Idealism

Utopia Of More In his famous work Utopia, Sir Thomas More describes the society and culture of an imaginary island on which all social ills have been cured. As in Plato's Republic, a work from which More drew while writing Utopia, More's work presents his ideas through a dialogue between two characters, Raphael Hythloday and More himself. Hythloday is a fictional character who describes his recent voyage to the island of Utopia. Throughout the work, Hythloday describes the laws, customs, system of government, and way of life that exist on Utopia to an incredulous and somewhat condescending More. Throughout the work, Hythloday presents a society organized to overcome the flaws of human nature. This society has been carefully thought out by More?as the author of the work?to help avoid the problems associated with human nature. Individual human appetites are controlled and balanced against the needs of the community as a whole. In other words, More attempts to describe a society in which the seven deadly sins are counterbalanced by other motivations set up by the government and society as a whole. I believe that by providing the answer to the timeless question of overcoming man's inherent evils in such a way More creates a perfect society to be modeled after. Many of the ideals in More's Utopia are, as the name implies, based on ideal situations and not reality. They would work well in a civilization of automatons, but would be abolished quickly in a human situation. Nevertheless, we can apply the ideals held by the Utopians to our own societies since the ideals themselves are attainable even if a perfect society is not. More seems to think that the seven deadly sins will be fairly easy to overcome. Pride, for instance, is counterbalanced in several ways in his social system. For instance, he makes sure that all people wear the same clothing, except that the different genders wear different styles, as do married and unmarried people. More also makes individuals fairly interchangeable within the social system?one carpenter, for instance, seems to be more or less like another to him, and can find work anywhere that carpenters are needed. He also says that the Utopians encourage their citizens to think of the good of the state as a whole in addition to their individual good. Without a sense of individuality as highly developed as the one to which modern Americans are accustomed, pride should present less of a problem to the Utopians. Gluttony is another deadly sin that Hythloday claims is easily overcome. According to him, the source of gluttony is fear of a future lack of something, especially a necessity of life such as food. As Hythloday explains to More, why would he be likely to seek too much, when he knows for certain that his needs will always be met? A man is made greedy and grasping either by the fear of need (a fear common to all creatures) or else by pride (in man alone), which thinks it glorious to surpass others in superfluous show. "This kind of vice has no place at all in the ways of Utopians." (More 59) Others of the deadly sins are to be overcome, as are pride and gluttony, by encouraging the practice of their corresponding virtues. Sloth is to be overcome by requiring the practice of industry; covetousness by the practice of generosity (in addition to the abolition of private property); envy through respect; pride through humility; gluttony through modesty; and lechery through continence (the Utopians punished extra- or pre-marital sexual intercourse harshly). Wrath, which seems to be the lone exception, is to be treated not through the general practice of its corresponding virtue, peacemaking, but by removing the things that enrage people in the first place. Though we can not rid our society of these sins, we can use More's methods to prevent them. Some of the ideals presented in Utopia are abundantly present in today's society. These include having a commodity in one culture be totally worthless in another, communal living within cities, and euthanasia as a means of release from burden. There are commodities in the world today that are totally worthless in America, but serve as a main staple in many other countries. In Utopia, gold was the most worthless metal. It wasn't as strong as iron and was seen as a sign of servitude. Having large tracts of land is a sign of wealth and clout in our country, but in Japan, where land is scarce having large amounts of land is socially seen

economy jobs and you essays

economy jobs and you essays 1. If the government were to tax alcohol on volume alone we would see a rise in consumption of higher grained alchohol. People would be able to buy a less amount and reach the same effect due to a higher concentrate of ethyl alcohol. The governments' current system helps reduce drunkenness a bit because it puts a greater price tag on alcohol that is higher in potency. 2. I would believe that the quality of liquor in a speakeasy that was less prone to police invasion would be higher than that of one that was not. If a speakeasy had made certain arrangements with a law enforcement agency they would be able to ensure their customers better product without the possibility of losing their product. By doing so they could afford a higher quality because they knew they were not going to lose inventory to police brutality. A speakeasy that could not guarantee police invasion would only try to get rid of cheaper product in case they were raided. They would protect themselves knowing that the chances of losing product were greater and that a cheaper alcohol was better losing than one which cost them more. 3. I believe that in New Jersey the price of hiring a prostitute would be lower than that of one in Nevada. In New Jersey prostitutes trey to earn as much as they can. There a quick buck is not as regulated and therefore a customer has to be attracted more to price than to quality. A quick hit is better if it is cheaper despite the overall effect. Although it is sad I feel as though there would be more consumption in New Jersey. People are more concerned with money today than any other time. Cheaper is almost always more appealing especially when we measure the values these people particularly have. 4. Smoking is still legal for simply one reason. The amount of dollars coming in is greater than that going out. Until only recently has the tobacco industry had to worry about paying out to its customer ...

Relationship of the United States and Japan

Relationship of the United States and Japan The earliest contact between both countries was through merchants and explorers. Later in the mid-1800s several representatives from the U.S. traveled to Japan in order to negotiate trade agreements, including Commodore Matthew Perry in 1852 who negotiated the first trade treaty and the Convention of Kanagawa. Likewise, a Japanese delegation came to the U.S. in 1860 in hopes of strengthening diplomatic and trade relations between both countries. World War II World War II saw the countries pitted against each other after the Japanese bombed the American naval base at  Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1941. The war ended in 1945 after Japan suffered tremendous causalities from the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the firebombing of Tokyo. Korean War Both China and the US got involved in the Korean War in support of the North and the South respectively. This was the only time when soldiers from both countries actually fought as the U.S./U.N. forces battled Chinese soldiers upon Chinas official entrance in the war to counter American involvement. Surrender On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered leading to an occupation by the victorious Allied forces. Upon gaining control of Japan, U.S. President Harry Truman appointed General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan. The Allied forces worked on the reconstruction of Japan, as well as consolidating political legitimacy by publicly standing on the side of Emperor Hirohito. This allowed MacArthur to work within the political system. By the end of 1945, approximately 350,000 U.S. servicemen were in Japan working on a wide variety of projects. Post War Transformation Under Allied control, Japan undertook a remarkable transformation characterized by the new constitution of Japan which emphasized democratic principles, educational and economic reform, and demilitarization which was embedded in the new Japanese constitution. As the reforms took place MacArthur gradually shifted political control over to the Japanese culminating in the 1952 Treaty of San Francisco which officially ended the occupation. This framework was the beginning of a close relationship between both countries that lasts until this day. Close Cooperation The period after the San Francisco treaty has been characterized by close cooperation between both countries, with 47,000 US military servicemen remaining in Japan by invitation of the Japanese government. Economic cooperation has also been playing a large role in the relationship with the US providing Japan with significant amounts of aid in the post-war periods as Japan became an ally in the Cold War. The partnership has resulted in the reemergence of the Japanese economy which remains one of the strongest economies in the region.

Managing a multinational corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing a multinational corporation - Essay Example Multinational corporations bear certain peculiarities which should be taken into account when developing management strategy for any of them. The topic of the present work is relevant in the framework of the existing numerous multinational corporations for the better understanding of the management processes which take place in them. The topic of the present paper is closely related to the field of management. Managing multinational corporations means applying the general notions of management, accounting the peculiarities of the multinational corporation operations and implementing the innovations which ultimately improve the general work of the corporation. Any multinational corporation needs thoroughly developed strategy of development and coping with difficulties which arise at the way of this development, and what else except management notions and theories may be applicable here It is obvious, that the field of management knowledge represents vast opportunities for the successful management of multinational corporations, for the development of innovative strategies, which will ultimately positively influence the profitability and market position of the product. Despite the fact that multinational corporations take significant part of the market and are huge structures, their development and perspectives ar e at best viewed from the viewpoint of an individual manager. (Mockler 2002, p. 10) However, to find the best solutions and to create the most successful guidelines for the development of any multinational company this manager should possess deep understanding of the basic processes taking place inside the company, and the impact the external factors create on its business activity, but even understanding these processes and factors, without knowledge of management, its notions and theories it will hardly be possible to create a solid base for the successful management of so large companies, especially bearing in mind that multinational corporations usually deal with production of various, often not even related each other, products; for their stable market position successful management is crucial, and the field of management is closely related to the narrow topic of multinational corporations' management. (Buckley & Carter 1999, p. 227) Modern companies try to respond to the emerging open market opportunities, and for the aim of winning better market share and higher profits, have to pay their attention to the globalization and the need for creating large multinational corporations. A bright example of such changes may be represented by the German Hoechst chemical company, which at the beginning of the year 2000, admitting the rapidly changing positions on the chemical market and understanding the new accents on the global cooperation and production, decided to take this step and create a new structure. Through the 2001 and 2002 it has sold twelve of its businesses in Germany for being no more profitable, and has bought four new pharmaceutical firms outside Europe. Hoechst in Europe was the pioneer of such drastic changes in the multinational management trends. Though the Hoechst's labor force in Germany was decreased almost twice, it became possible to increase the sales over the US continent from 6 to 33 percent of the market share by the end of 2002. These actions could be

Haitian Culture Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Haitian Culture Communication - Research Paper Example 2. Explore the willingness of individuals in your culture to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas. Can you identify any area of discussion that would be considered taboo?   Haitians tend to prefer oral communication to written communication. Haitians tend to express themselves directly on most matters. However, communication regarding matters that are religious, poitical, and personal tends to be less direct. Moreover, conflict especially with individuals of higher economic status is somehow considered a taboo and a Haitian would rather indicate agreement than disagree (Kemp & Rasbridge, 2004). Most Haitians tend to hide their illiteracy and may agree with heath workers by nodding even when they do not understand something (Desrosiers & St. Fleurose, 2002; Colin, 2008). 3. Explore the practice and meaning of touch in your culture. Include information regarding touch between family members, friends, members of the opposite sex, and health-care providers.   Amongst Haitians, touch i s often associated with friendliness and occurs often when families and friends are having a conversation. Touch is thus common in casual conversations. It is used to attract the other party’s attention. Moreover, touch by caregivers is appreciated. However, the type of touch used (e.g. tap, kiss, handshake, hug, kiss) depends on the level of familiarity (Kemp & Rasbridge, 2004). 4. ... The distance is considered a sign of integrity and respect for authority since men are considered heads of families. Additionally, Haitians may keep some distance while talking to strangers. Therefore, Haitians keep a distance of approximately 1-2 feet while communicating with family and friends. Adults do not share space with children. Haitians tend to keep some distance with health caregivers (Colin, 2008; Dutta, 2008). 5. Discuss your culture’s use of eye contact. Include information regarding practices between family members, friends, strangers, and persons of different age groups (cook ross, 2011). Eye contact is common while people who are friends are greeting each other or talking. It is considered a sign of respect. However, Haitians avoid direct eye contact with elders and people in authority. Additionally, prolonged eye contact is not appreciated and often viewed as rudeness. Acculturated Haitians often maintain prolonged eye contact. Moreover, children should not ma intain prolonged eye contact while communicating with elders since it is viewed as disrespect (cook ross, 2011). 6. Explore the meaning of gestures and facial expressions in your culture. Do specific gestures or facial expressions have special meanings? How are emotions displayed? Facial expressions are important in Haitian culture. While communicating with friends, Haitians tend to use direct eye contact and expressive tones. Moreover, friends are likely to use other gestures like touching each other. However, Haitians prefer hiding most of their emotions such as of anger, fear, and people who express such emotions become a source of amusement. Nodding is often used as a sign of agreement. Generally,

Solutions to Domestic Violence

Solutions to Domestic Violence Problem Solution Every now and then, people have been known to say, What can they do to help someone they know that is being abused? There are many different solutions that people can do to help those in need that are involved in a domestic violence relationship. According to the Michigan State Police there are various solutions involved in assisting someone. Knowing what one is talking about by having some background on domestic violence. Always let them know that your ears are open at anytime they need to talk. Help them as much as possible by being respectful, patient and supportive in learning about their safety. Lastly, never let them think it is their fault, keep addressing that as much as possible. There is always ways to get help when someone needs it. They can do so by calling the confidential National Domestic Hotline (DMVH) at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233), they are available to the United States, 24 hours, 7 days a week, and open 365 days a year. The DMVH have counselors to support them in getting them information and referrals for themselves, their children, shelter, and legal assistance (Michigan State Police). There are many other things that you could do to help a victim or even a victim herself can do. It may be just as easy as picking up a phone book to find out what organizations in your community help out with such as employment or even child care. There are other different things that can be done such as seeking counseling or even support groups. While you are seeking counseling, make sure you identify weather the counselor is for the abused and has had experience of working with the abused. Most of all stay active as much as possible to help your self esteem, self confidence, and getting you independence back (Women Web, Getting Help). Domestic violence shelter, often called a womens shelter is a building or set of apartments where victims of abuse can seek shelter. These shelter locations are kept confidential so these womens abusers are unable to find them. Shelters are known to provide those abused and their children with shelter, food and childcare. Since there are very limited times for residing at a shelter, many shelters assist in placement of permanent homes and jobs (Help guide). There are different things that can be done after leaving a shelter so their abuser doesnt find them. The top 3 things that you can do are: 1.) get and unlisted number, 2) use a P.O. Box, 3.) open new bank accounts and credit cards (Help guide). After discovering how serious Domestic violence actually was, the Domestic Violence Bill, 2006 was passed. The Domestic Violence Bill was intended to allow more help and relief of the abuse. The purpose of this Bill was to allow those involved in domestic violence the maximum protection that the laws can provide. These laws have made it mandatory for all police stations to have specific departments to deal with and give legal duty on the officers to assist in a complaint domestic violence. Under the provision of this bill, police officers are suppose to advise the victim of their rights under, help in obtaining shelter, offer medical treatment, and to lodge a criminal complaint. The Domestic Violence Act also gives police officers the power to arrest the accused perpetrator, without a warrant who is reasonably suspected to have committed or who is threatening to commit an act of domestic violence on a victim. If any person is arrested they are to be brought before a magistrate within forty-eight hours (Government Gazette) Under the Michigan Constitution, (Art. I, Sec. 24; eff. Dec. 24, 1988) and the Crime Victims Rights Act, (1985 PA 87; MCL 780.751) have given crime victims the right to be treated with dignity and respect. Making sure all is handled in a timely manner following an arrest. The victim also has the right to receive emergency and medical services. Receive an explanation of all court proceedings. This act allows them to be protected of being free of any threats, acts, and/or discharge from your employer. The name of the Prosecutors who is handling the case. Any scheduled court proceedings, including sentencing, the defendants release on bond or escape from custody while awaiting trial. The probation departments address and telephone number. Attend the court trial and make an oral statement to a pre-sentence investigator, and to write an impact statement which will be included in the pre-sentence report. Victims are also allowed to receive information regarding the conviction, sentence, im prisonment, and release of the accused. (Michigan Prosecuting Attorney Associations). There are many different effects of the abuse. If someone had physical abuse they may suffer from long term health complications. Abused women often have anxiety, tension, low energy, depression, insomnia, loss of appetite, or even headaches. They may believe that they failed the relationship. They have also been known to be ashamed and not allowing others to know exactly what had happened to them. In just about every case of Domestic Violence, women have stated that they have lost their self esteem and lack of confidence. Women have also been known to have anger and fear towards themselves and their abuser. They are also known to isolate themselves from other such as family and friends (Womens Web, The Effect of Abuse). According to Direnfeld (2007), the aftermath of emotional and psychological can last for several years or even lifetime. It not only affects the victim but also other family members and later relationships. In many cases, children have the trauma of the violence. These children grow to become bullies in their own right whose behavior the violated parent cannot control and whose behavior is reinforced by the perpetrator. There are many things that a victim needs to remember, its very hard to do it all at once. Between the police, and shelters, the victim has other they can talk to; rather it is a counselor or even someone that has been through it. There main thing they need to know what are their rights? References Direnfeld, G. MSW, RSW (2007). Alumbo, the Long Arm Of Domestic Violence. Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.alumbo.com/article/32544-The-Long-Arm-Of-Domestic-Violence.html Government Gazett (2006). Domestic Violence Bill, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/dom_viol_bill_060630.pdf Help guide (2008). Domestic Violence and Abuse: Help, Treatment, Intervention, and Prevention Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.alumbo.com/article/32544-The-Long-Arm-Of-Domestic-Violence.html Michigan Prosecuting Attorney Associations (2008). Victim Rights. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from http://www.michiganprosecutor.org/Victim.htm Michigan State Police (2009). Domestic Violence Awareness. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from http://www.michigan.gov/msp/0,1607,7-123-1589_1711_4577,00.html Women Web (2009). Domestic Violence, The Effect of Abuse. Retrieved July 25, 2009 from http://www.womensweb.ca/violence/dv/effects.php Women Web (2009). Domestic Violence, Getting Help. Retrieved July 25, 2009 from http://www.womensweb.ca/violence/dv/help.php

Analysis of Relationships in Regeneration

In this essay I am going to analyses the difficulty of relationships within the context of war. I will be looking at Billy Prior and Sarah Lump and exploring their relationship. I will also be looking at the difficulties of their relationship because of the war. Prior is a very complicated character. His difficult life from both home and during the war is the reason for his emotional conflict which causes him stress.He believes his duty is to serve and cries when told he won't be returning to war, yet he Is hesitant of admitting his fear that he was scared of being killed In the war. He will only talk to Rivers using a notepad and refuses to discuss his memories of the war as he claims to have lost all memory of why he broke down. Sarah Lump Is a working class woman who by nature of her gender has been shielded from the horrors of war. She moved away from home to work In a munitions factory In Scotland, which shows how women were beginning to replace men who had gone to war.The conta ct she has with the war Is the loss of her boyfriend In the battle of Loss, through this detail Barker shows how everyone at the time could be touched by the war, further illustrating the change of the role of men and women. Prior and Sarah first met in a pub where Sarah Lump approached Prior. This shows a change in attitude as usually it would be the man approaching the woman. After only meeting Sarah for a short time he asked about any past or present relationships Sarah may have had.Sarah then talks about her previous boyfriend who died in the war and ‘brooded for a while over her empty glass. ‘ She was changed by his death and this was the reason why she moved away from home. This could make their relationship difficult as she knows the feeling of heartbreak from losing a loved one in the war so wouldn't want to deal with the pain gain through being in a relationship with a soldier. ‘Empty glass' is used as it shows the emptiness and pain she felt inside from t he death of her previous boyfriend.The first complication in their relationship is when Prior was meant to go visit her but doesn't turn up. When Prior eventually does see her, she's angry with him as in her eyes he stood her up. You've got a nerve. ‘ This quotation shows her anger because she feels she may have been used by Prior simply for sex. She doesn't understand the utilities that may occur for Prior at the hospital. However once he explained hat he wasn't allowed out she forgives him and agrees to go on a second date. When they go out to the beach, it's an escape from the war.Prior pays attention to crowds of people and envies them and Sarah as they are free of the experience of the war. He feels they owe him something and that Sarah ‘should pay. ‘ He has affections for her yet Is bitter and Jealous of her Ignorance of the war which has changed him forever. They make love for the first time when they go out on their trip to the beach. Prior as a man gives S arah the impression that he was not connected to her. Prior is unsure of his feelings and does not want Sarah to think that anything important happened at the beach.Pat Barker doesn't dwell on Sarah's feelings but as Prior is the protagonist, the reader is aware of everything he thinks and feels, because of this we are shown giving her mixed messages about what his feelings are for her. Also the fact that he's been restricted from talking to women, because of the war, effects their relationship as it makes him hostile, Jealous and uncomfortable. Sarah doesn't understand the truth about war, this makes their relationship difficult s she doesn't understand the impact that war has on men in general, so doesn't understand why Prior acts in a certain way.Even though he's out of the war, he still has memories of it and friends who are out there fighting. He also feels guilty as he believes he should be fighting for his country with fellow soldiers. Prior may feel hopeless in a way as he's never going to be able to mentally escape the war as everything brings back memories for him which is hard for Sarah as she will have to deal with this and with the fact that Prior doesn't like to talk about his war memories. He is actually with her to take his mind away from the horrors he has witnessed in the war. ‘He needed her ignorance to hide in. This quotation illustrates Priors complicated feelings for Sarah. He loves her, but also despises her for being a female and not involved in the horrors of war. He also understands how much he needs her ‘ignorance' to help him get through his own horrors. Sarah tells her Mum, Dad Lump about her relationship with Prior. She has a hardened attitude towards the relationship with Prior as she doesn't believe that true love exists between any man or women. From her mother's own difficult personal experience in relationships she's brought her daughter up with a hard realism of love.What do you think he wants you for? Dad implie s that perhaps Prior doesn't care and that he's maybe Just using her for sex. This could be difficult for Sarah as she doesn't have support from her mother. This could possibly be because Sarah's father walked out on them as ‘it had never been clear whether her father had departed this life, the town or merely his marriage. ‘ So she might Just not want to see her daughter get hurt. Her Mothers captioned in her having sex so early on in the relationship and reminds her that contraception isn't always reliable.She also considers marriage as the sole end of female existence' and would like to see her daughter marry a man with a brighter future which isn't Prior. This is shown when Prior asks Sarah if her mum likes him. ‘Not as much as she would if you were going back. ‘ For Prior, being with Sarah is like an escape from the world outside and memories of war. He spends the night with her in the lodgings. ‘He was glad to have the night shut out, with its mem ories of fear and worried sentries whispering.This quotation shows that Prior now feels safe, his memories can't haunt him tonight as they're forgotten about. He feels comfortable and happy with Sarah, they lie on her bed talking and finally Prior tells her he loves her and she replies that she loves him too. They have both been damaged by the war and at least find solace and care in each other, amidst the madness of the war. One aspect of ‘Regeneration' is to give an insight into how the war affected men mentally and the effect this had on their relationships. I hope that I have shown from uncertainty of life from day to day within the war.

The New Fuss About Phd Creative Writing

The New Fuss About Phd Creative Writing The Basic Facts of Phd Creative Writing You wish to see the way your plot world will unfold. An amazing FF story is similar to the fragment of a hologram. Get it right and you've got a plot. Present the exact standard story to numerous award schemes at the exact same time! You must be crazy about books as a kid to set up the neural architecture necessary to write one. The reader shouldn't have to look elsewhere to understand it. The returns that could be gained by means of a story writing contest aren't entirely financial. What's more, whenever you create in addition to submit a story you'll boost your creative writing ability. Boston University's Creative Writing Program is just one of the oldest in the nation. Dialogue beats can be extremely subtle. So, University of Southern California might be an excellent chance for you. There are 30 doctoral programs that provide a PhD in Creative Writing in the usa. Things You Should Know About Phd Creative Writing You will have to supply a PhD proposal by means of your application, which will set out the structure of your undertaking. For example, you could pursue some of these areas in your postgraduate studies. There's the internet application shipping feature and phd in. Check to your intended u niversity for more info for their admissions guidelines and writing requirements. Still, everything is dependent on how an applicant can present their aptitude for the program. You're an interesting individual. Our students do a great deal of hard important reading and research, and a number of them write and publish traditional literary critical works. An online creating writing degree might be an ideal alternative for students that are working. Please be sure you accept your unconditional offer within 4 weeks of getting your offer. Real people simply don't speak this way, not all the moment. On-line programs are a really good means to keep in your creative writing space when earning your degree. The Basics of Phd Creative Writing That You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Immediately Some schools may let you apply with just a bachelor's degree. If you would like to receive your doctorate degree in creative writing, there are many universities throughout the country with creative writing programs to think about. It's essential to note that online programs may require students to participate in residency programs. Almost no other UK University supplies you with the chance to learn the intense graduate academic language skills which you might want to pursue your research. Things You Should Know About Phd Creative Writin g You have to submit a writing sample as an essential element of your application. Obviously what you put on the shape and just what you find yourself researching may be somewhat different, but to be able to judge whether to give you a place, the Department should know whether you've got the broad outlines of a viable project. Feel free to supply a statement (no more than one page) of how your distinct perspective may donate to the synergy of a diverse learning community. Bay path's internet mfa program on some on-line application form connection. Manuscripts won't be returned. It may also be a set of poetry. Most creative dissertations require an essential component. Please don't send entire manuscripts. Anyway, very good writers are really really difficult to find out in the actual worldCreativity is a really marketable skill. The remedy is to maintain on composing! It requires great craft skill to create the reader care about figures and situations which are wholly fabricated. 1 reason may be teaching opportunities. To think away from the norm. While you don't require formal education to be an expert writer, you may choose to enroll in a Ph.D. program with the intention of refining your craft. Our program has about twenty writers at any particular time, and it provides an intimate writing community and a bracing academic experience. In addition, workshops could supply a welcoming and secure atmosphere for students to give and get critical feedback on their work. Furthermore, writing workshops could offer a welcoming and secure atmosphere for students to give and get critical feedback on their work.

Buddhist Ethnography Essay - 1276 Words

The Buddhist Experience Buddhism is a religion that focuses more on the individual and the actions of that individual, which was prevalent to me when I made my way into Portland and set foot in a Buddhist temple. The man I met within the walls of this temple was far from my stereotypical thoughts of Buddhist monks. The man I met looked like your plain old, average Joe, American man. Before I delve into the depths of my visit to this inspiring place, I need to sum up the Buddhist religion and why I chose to study this particular group of people. First, Buddhism. Buddhism is a religion based off of the idea that there is a path that one can take to achieve enlightenment, instead of believing in a god or multiple gods. Buddhism began with†¦show more content†¦The Eight folds are: Right understanding, Right thought, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, and Right concentration. This is the way that everyone should live if they want to achieve enlightenment along the Buddhist path. This is not the only thing that Siddhartha taught though. Like every single religion since the beginning of time, there is a list of rules. Christianity has the 10 Commandments, Islam has the Five Pillars of Islam, and Buddhism has the Religious Reformations of Buddha. Unlike most religions, Buddhism strays from the focus on an all mighty deity or deities. Buddhism preaches five different logics that deviate from the norm when it comes to religious ideals: first, Strive after enlightenment with due diligence. This means you must put a lot of effort into the job of enlightenment if you wish to achieve it. Second, there will be no metaphysical theorizing. This is the one that seems to throw a wrench into the ideals of every religion before it, there is no God and if you even think that there is a God, you are disgracing the Buddhist way of life. Buddhism is a way of life, it is not a religion with a holy God. Third, there is no tradition, no ritual. The teachings t hemselves are supposed to lead you, but if you do not know yourself, there is no way that you can know Buddhism andShow MoreRelatedA Little Sparrow1867 Words   |  8 Pagesworlds which are on the rise: We as researchers need to get into these strange new worlds and learn to understand them and communicate with their inhabitants [†¦] before those inhabitants blow us up as the semi-literate Taliban blew up the ancient Buddhist statues in Bamiyan, and their leaders subsequently destroyed those quintessential symbols of wealth and power, the World Trade Towers. This, it seems to me, is where ethnographers, with all their old and new tools at hand, should be heading. (LeRead MoreA Review of Nirvana for Sale by Rachelle M. Scoot Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagescultural praxis within the context of religious discourses about wealth and piety. 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What Role Does Risk Management Play Within The Homeland...

What role does risk management play within the homeland security enterprise? To answer that question we first have to examine what risk management is. Risk management is an anaclitic approach to figuring out the likelihood that an event will impact a specific assets, person, or function and then implementing steps to mitigate the impact or consequence of the event. (Decker, 2001) The Standard risk management formula that the Department of Homeland Security uses is R=T*V*C or Risk = Threat * Vulnerability * Consequence. To understand this formula and how it is used we first have to beak down each part. Risk is defined by Homeland Security as potential for an unwanted outcome resulting from an incident, event, or occurrence, as determined by its likelihood and the associated consequences. They define threat as natural or man-made occurrence, individual, entity, or action that has or indicates the potential to harm life, information, operations, the environment, and/or property. Vulnerability is defined as qualitative or quantitative expression of the level to which an entity, asset, system, network, or geographic area is susceptible to harm when it experiences a hazard. And lastly they define consequence simply as effect of an event, incident, or occurrence. (Homeland Security, 2010) Before The Department of Homeland Security can implement this formula, they first have to go through a series of assessments. These are threat assessments, vulnerability assessments,Show MoreRelatedThe Rookie Chief Iso Essay3886 Words   |  16 PagesTERM PAPER â€Å"The Rookie Chief Information Security Officer† Bradford Daniels Professor Steven Brown SEC 402 17 March 2013 1. a. Create an Organization Chart in which you DANIELS INC CLOUD COMPUTING ORGANIZATIONAL CHART i. Illustrate the roles that will be required to ensure design, evaluation, implementation, and management of security programs for the organization. The CISO is the executive responsible for the organizations entire security posture, both physical and digital. CISOsRead MoreIs Information And The Cyber Vulnerable World? How Prepared Are We?3167 Words   |  13 Pages LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY College of Management Are we ready to secure ourselves in the Cyber vulnerable world? How prepared are we? Presented By Michael Bruno Selvaraj Course Instructor: Dr. Terrance Dillard I pledge that on all academic work that I submit, I will neither give nor receive unauthorized aid, nor will I present another person s work as my own. June 2015 ABSTRACT: Information has become a key asset, it has value to an organization and consequently must be wellRead MoreContributions of Management6175 Words   |  25 PagesThe Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functionsRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Security4382 Words   |  18 Pagesthe 21st century, cyber security is an international issue. The threat of cyber warfare is very real and would be devastating beyond any conventional weapon imaginable. With the entire globe becoming more interconnected, an attack on online infrastructure could ground airplanes, control information access, hijack nuclear facilities, and perhaps most terrifyingly, bring the global economy to a screeching halt, creating havoc from Wall Street to The City and beyond. 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Code of Federal Regulations defines it as any violent act or acts dangerous to human life that violates the criminal laws of the U.S. or any State or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S. or any State. (18 U.S.C  § 2331)Read MoreSystem Audit12707 Words   |  51 PagesIntroduction to IT audit, purpose Types of IT audits, history of IT audit, major events that have prompted the use of and been solved using IT audit techniques. IT Audit process outline; process and phases. Planning the audit, materiality, risk assessment. 2) Effective information system audit. Evaluation of controls, types and tests of controls. Audit sampling, sampling methods, sample evaluation. 3) Audit automation and system testing: Computer assisted audit techniques. TraditionalRead MoreAbstract: Strategic Contingency Planning23625 Words   |  95 PagesSTRATEGIC CONTINGENCY PLANNING By Karen Scott-Martinet Fall 2006 The objective of this study was to develop a strategic contingency planning model to be used to fully incorporate emergency management and business continuity into organization structures. (For the purpose of this study, Emergency Management and Business Continuity were collectively referred to as â€Å"contingency planning.†) Presently, contingency planning is mainly done on an operational or tactical level. Current thinking suggestsRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT This chapter provides an overview that describes the basic types of hazards threatening the United States and provides definitions for some basic terms such as hazards, emergencies, and disasters. The chapter also provides a brief history of emergency management in the federal government and a general description of the current emergency management system—including the basic functions performed by local emergency managers. The chapter concludesRead MoreDifferent Approach of International Business6472 Words   |  26 Pagesmust be concerned with the competitive situations they face in lands for from home and with how companies from distant lands are competing in their homelands. Difference approaches of international business are given below: †¢ Importing and Exporting †¢ Franchising †¢ Licensing †¢ Joint Venture †¢ Foreign Direct Investment †¢ Management contact Importing and Exporting: Imports: Imports consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents

Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby Free Essays

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald satirizes how newly wealthy Americans acted during the 1920’s through Jay Gatsby. The 1920’s was nicknamed the ‘Roaring Twenties’, and during this time period, many people were much more wealthy and were only interested in big, extravagant things. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jay Gatsby is an example of this. He was born poor, gained his wealth, and now he throws big parties at his mansion to impress hundreds of people. In the beginning of Chapter 5, Nick arrives at West Egg to find Gatsby’s mansion lighting up the night sky. Nick said to Gatsby, â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s Fair† (81). The significance of Nick’s statement shows how Gatsby tries to be â€Å"old money†, when really he is â€Å"new money†. Gatsby tries to show off his wealth by turning on every single light in his mansion, but he lacks the class of those who really are â€Å"old money†. This satirizes how wealthy people were during the 1920s; they were obnoxious and did not have the same class as those who were wealthy before that time period. Another example of this is when Fitzgerald tells the reader what Gatsby is wearing for when Daisy comes over Nick’s house. Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in† (84). Daisy knows Gatsby as a poor man that she used to love, but couldn’t be with because her family didn’t approve. Gatsby still loves Daisy, and he dresses like this because he wants to impress her. Newly wealthy people during the 1920’s always wore expensive clothing. Gatsby dressing like this just satirizes those people, and shows he truly isn’t â€Å"old money†, no matter how hard he tries to be. Later in the chapter, Gatsby invited Daisy and Nick over to his house because he wants to show off his mansion to Daisy. Gatsby said, â€Å" I want you and Daisy to come over to my house† (89). Gatsby brought Daisy to his house, and even though she was impressed with what he has become, even Daisy realized that everything he owned is inelegant, and doesn’t have the same type of possessions that â€Å"old money† people have. This satirizes how people during the 1920’s tried to show off their flashy possessions, but they don’t truly have as much worth. Fitzgerald’s use of satire of newly wealthy people during the 1920’s are truly expressed through Gatsby’s actions and belongings. How to cite Satire in Ch 5 of Great Gatsby, Essay examples

Distinctive Opportunity To Involve Capacity -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Distinctive Opportunity To Involve Capacity? Answer: Introducation Anny Murphy Paul writes Your Brain on Fiction. The impact of reading fiction on the human brain has been analyzed in this essay. Brain scans of the human being exhibit that the responses of the different region of the human brain while reading a detailed description, an evocative management or an emotional exchange between characters (Paul). When we read stories or hear narratives, it stimulates our brain and has the capacity to change the action of our life. In the last few years, the scientists have discovered that different types of narratives activate a different region of our brain. For an example, words with strong odor association like perfume or coffee activates the primary olfactory cortex along with the language-processing area of the human brain. On the other hand, neutral words like chair or key do not stimulate the olfactory region of the brain (Paul). When these words are seen, the olfactory region remains dark. The familiar phrase like a rough day creates no response in the brain as this phrase acts as a simple word and familiarity generates no stimulants in the brain. Metaphor involving texture activates sensory cortex in the brain that is responsible for recognizing texture through touch (Paul). Different marketing of the human brain also respond to the sensual phrases or phrases that describe motion. The human brain cannot distinguish firmly between reading about an experience and confronting it in reality. The same neurological areas are stimulated for each case. Reading a novel explores the emotional and social life of human being and the brain stimulates to the interactions of the fictional characters as that of real-life social encounters (Paul). The theory of mind states that the human brain has a unique capacity to understand the intention of other people. When we read any novel or story, we identify with the characters intention as narratives offer a distinctive opportunity to involve with this capacity of the brain. Thus, those who habitually read fiction are able to understand the intention of the other people and there is a possibility to prefer reading novels for the more empathetic people (Paul). Brain science claims that reading great literature produces better human being. Reference Paul, Annie Murphy. "Your brain on fiction."New York Times17 project-management.

Pros and Cons Erp Essay Example

Pros and Cons Erp Essay Akhilesh Nair Deepesh Chatterjee Mithun Vishnu Nikhil Kumar OPEN SOURCE ERP PROS and CONS Contents Introduction3 Commercial and Open Source ERP Software6 Open Source ERP Solution Pros8 Open Source ERP Solution Cons10 Open Source ERP Success Story11 Company Overview11 Issue At Hand11 The Solution11 Results12 The Bottom Line12 Top Open Source ERP Applications to Look Out for13 ?Goodness of Open Source ERP Packages13 ?Open Source ERP Packages13 ?Java-Based Open Source Finance Apps13 ?Latest Developments13 ?GnuCash: The Ultimate Free Open Source Accounting Software14 Introduction Open source ERP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software system whose  source code  is made publicly available. The  open source  model allows companies to access the ERP systems code and customize it using their own IT department instead of paying extra for vendor customization services and licensing, as is typically the case with closed source programs. Open source ERP can be particularly attractive to small to mid-sized businesses (SMBs) that want to upgrade or customize their ERP systems without paying large licensing and support fees. Open source brings an alternative which addresses many of the key problems of both custom and commercial enterprise software. It begins by offering the user a freely available code base as a starting point. The user can try it for free to see if it meets his needs. There is no risk of upfront licensing fees for software that may not work. If no modifications are required, open source software can be implemented with the same rapid time-to-market as commercial packages. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons Erp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If customizations are required, the user has a head start with an existing code base. Furthermore, he can leverage the expertise of both in-house and open source community developers. An open source project brings with it the domain knowledge and business requirements of many contributing organizations, significantly reducing the specification risk typical of custom software. Open source communities also offer user-developers collaborative help in developing and debugging of his software. The net result is better software in less time. Longer term, open source offers the user the control of custom software and the external resources previously available only with commercial software. With the source code in hand, the user can decide on future support and upgrades. There is no one to discontinue the software for him. At the same time, because the software shares the common roots with open source, he can obtain support and upgrades from the open source community or purchase professional-quality support from a range of vendors in the community. Thus, the risks of becoming stranded due to the loss of vendor support or key employees are significantly reduced with open source. Selection of ERP system Ease/Speed  of  Implementation There exist a sentiment that implementation takes too long. It is hard to state whether proprietary or open source ERP systems are faster and easier to implement. On one hand, open source solutions are, in general, believed to be less user-friendly. On the other hand, ERP vendors (or their partners) implement proprietary ERPs, so there is no clear need for them to make ERP systems easy to install. However, it can be stated that if the ERP system is easier to implement then it would be possible for the ERP vendor to sell more licenses, since it can be assumed that there is a lack of  implementing consultants. Moreover, ease and speed of implementation does not depend only on the graphical user interface and number of settings one needs to select from but  mainly on the amount of required customizations. Further development does not depend only programmer’s speed of writing code but also on requirements collection, their analysis and correct understanding Price Unless the company has the capabilities to implement an open source ERP system and program all the necessary customizations, open source ERP is not really for free. Consultants for open source ERP systems may charge significantly more than e. g. consultants for MS EPR systems, since there are rather only a few of them. On the other hand, an open source ERP system can be a perfect solution for a starting company, which has no established business processes – the company can adapt to the system, i. e. it does not require customization, so consultants need to be hired only to install the system. Another advantage is that an open source ERP system can be adjusted directly to the intended business processes in case at least one of the employees has a good  computer science background Vendor  Support Though this criterion seems to be more important for proprietary ERP systems, since it is customers of proprietary ERP systems, who are locked in with the vendors but on the other hand, they have security that the support exists. In the open source world, this criterion can be interpreted as having a large enough community, which could support the organization implementing a particular open source ERP system. Reliability Vendors providing proprietary ERP systems try to achieve as high reliability as possible but community using an open source ERP system might be able to find errors faster, since it is larger in numbers and each of them tries to make sense of code. While in proprietary ERP system vendor organization, it is always the same people looking into the code, so it is much harder for them to spot a mistake, especially in the code, which was written by them. Ease  of  Use It is unclear whether proprietary or open source ERP systems are easier to use. On one hand, ERP system vendors try to achieve competitive advantage providing ERP systems that are easier to use. On the other hand, open source solutions are, in general, believed to be less user-friendly [51, 52]. But the community of users (with programming skills) is likely to improve the system to the level that is more-or-less acceptable for most of the users. Customization Proprietary ERP systems are often programmed in vendor-specific languages. Companies can be sure that vendors (or their partners) will customize and set up their ERP systems. But it also means that they are locked to the vendor (or its partners). Since open source ERP systems are programmed in widely known programming languages, there is a greater pool of potential programmers, who can do it. Openness of code is not a domain of OSS ERPs anymore. E. g. MS Dynamics AX allows users to change a significant percentage of the code. Integration Customers are often searching for means of integration of their systems/data. Many proprietary ERP systems inherently allow for usage of data warehouses. It is possible that there fewer proprietary than open source ERP systems, which allow for communication to other systems through API. On the other hand, this communication can be solved even by less standard means (through customization). Organizational  Fit Existing ERP systems try to focus on business processes, however it can be suggested that they do not explicitly describe the business processes that are supported. Besides that, ERP systems are not easily adjustable to changes in business processes. Unfortunately, it seems that this is a problem of both open source and proprietary ERP systems. Flexibility Flexibility is required because of rapidly changing environment, which is likely to lead to new business models, which need to be supported without disturbing the end-users and on-going business. This requires an ERP system to have a robust architecture, which would allow for these requirements. Many existing proprietary ERP systems arose from MRP systems through small iterations. So systems, which were created more recently and do not carry this burden, are more likely to be more flexible, which could be the case ith open source ERP systems. Training First, it can be said that the amount of training required depends on the ERP systems  Ã¢â‚¬â€œhow self-explanatory it is and how many functions it offers. Secondly, users of  proprietary ERP systems are more-or-less dependent on the vendor or partner’s related to the specific ERP system. On  the other hand, users of open source ERP  systems may have a hard time to find a consultancy company offering training for a particular system. Latest  Technologies There is no reason why proprietary ERP systems should be better in using latest technology but it is mostly vendors of proprietary ERP systems, who claim that their competitive advance (over other (regardless whether open source or proprietary) ERP systems) is usage of latest technology. Proprietary vendors may promote them more but similar solutions may exist  in the open source world. OpenERP is a full suite of business software, including the following modules: Accounting: Record your operations in a few clicks and manage all your financial activities in one place. Application Builder:   The OpenERP application builder lets you customize every module of OpenERP directly from the web interface without any development required. CRM: Track leads and opportunities customized your sales cycle, controls statistics and forecasts and marketing campaign automation to improve your sales performance. Human Resources:   The module is for personnel information management, leave, time tracking, attendance‚ expenses, payroll, periodic evaluations and recruitment. Invoicing:  Create and supervise your entire supplier and customer invoices. Manufacturing:  Plan and control your supply chain through different applications in the Manufacturing module. Marketing:  Marketing campaigns can help you automate email and email sending, qualify leads and encourage customers to contact the right department. Point of Sale:  The OpenERP touch screen point of sale allows you to manage your shop sales. Its fully web-based so you dont need to install or deploy any software. Project Management: Keep track and manage your projects using tasks for short term project execution or plan phases for long term planning. Purchase:  Create and track your purchase orders, manage your suppliers info, control your products reception process and check suppliers invoices. Warehouse Management:  An inventory management system to easily manage complex needs: tracking stocks of suppliers/customers, full traceability, accounting links, and more. OpenERP supports multi-warehouse management based on hierarchical location structure. Because OpenERP is open source and backed by a large community, you can take advantage of more than 700 OpenERP modules on the  OpenERP Apps website. These applications extend functionality of the ERP software and provide more business apps for things like manufacturing, localization, project management and more. The other benefit to users is that you do not need to use all the business apps. You can choose only the modules that you need for your business from the suite (e. g. just CRM or CRM and invoicing). This keeps your OpenERP tidy and less overwhelming if you do not need all the business apps. You can add additional modules (at no cost) as you need them. Architecture Compiere and ERP5 are two of the top notch open source ERP systems that are widely accepted and implemented. The architecture of an Open Source ERP can be explained using the structured architectural design of compere and a comparison with ERP5. ERP5 offers powerful ERP solution for small businesses. ERP5 was originally developed as apparel industry solution for an organization with more than 300 employees on 5 internationally distributed sites. The special requirements of the apparel industry are mass customization of products and hence the need for handling unstructured and multimedia data. Mass customization means that many variants of a product are possible. The original modules are now generalized as business templates. It has the exact features that include customer relationship management (CRM), production management (MRP), supply chain management (SCM), product design management (PDM), accounting, human resources and e-commerce. For the small businesses, ERP5 has an Express edition which integrates ERP, CRM and KM funtionality. ERP5 uses the open source Python based ZOPE (Z Object Publishing Environment) application server and content management framework as its foundation. The web based Zope Management Interface is used as IDE for developing ERP5 modules. The application server also supports multiple languages, provides a security model, object persistence, and remote object access trough HTTP, XML-RPC and SOAP. ERP5 uses, extends or provides 5 important Zope components: Page Templates implement the web user interface and presentation logic. Workflows are used for the development of various types of decision workflows ERP5Form49 is used for web form development. XMLObjects add synchronization capabilities and autonomous activity (timed, pre- and postcondition triggers) to ERP5- Zope objects. The synchronization of distributed sites is carried out through XML export and import and also supports unreliable communication channels, which are allowed to fail. The duplication of reporting data to a relational database allows simple SQL querying. Compiere is uniquely designed to avoid the duplication of information and the need for synchronization. The design of Compiere allows customization of the application done easily. Modules in compiere include CRM, Quote to Cash, Requisition-to-Pay, Partner Relations Management, Warehouse, Supply Chain Management, Performance Analysis, Double-entry Book-keeping, Work-flow-Management and Web Store. Compieres architecture uses a fat Java Client (Java Webstart). The accounting engine is on the application server (JBOSS J2EE container). Thin Web clients are used for web store and some CRM functionality. There is also a beta thin client serving all forms, but it needs further work to be equivalent to the fat client. The used application server supports clustering. No cluster installation is documented. Emails can be sent and files can be attached to documents. Compiere has a built-in reporting engine. A Sourceforge side project provides Jasper Report77 integration. CSV export and import of data is provided by the commercially available migration tool. Other interfaces can be developed in Java using the briefly (Javadoc) documented APIs (application programming interfaces). The database abstraction layer is SQL-centric which was initially developed for Oracle. Commercial and Open Source ERP Software Pricing: Most open source software is freely distributed with no up-front licensing fees. Further savings come from ease of deployment, training and integration. Companies that implement open source ERP solutions often report a 50% savings over proprietary systems. With free systematic  open source ERP training methodology like SOSE! Site you can own your software for no cost. Commercial ERP is an expensive package and suitable only for bigger corporations. The prices do vary significantly but according to the size of the company and volume of business. In any cases they have been found to be extremely costly irrespective of the quantum in which they are purchased. These packages are not subject to flexibility and molding. Their usage modalities are rarely liberal and cause troubles when they are modified. Hence the deployments also turn out to be costly and inconvenient due to the procedures involved, in the future. Another major allegation against the package is that they consist of lot of  hidden costs. Flexibility: When you compare commercial and open source ERP, commercial systems are not flexible in nature. They let business with no other choice but to change their way of business. However when it comes to open source ERP everything was decided by the code . Therefore companies can do the necessary modifications in code and without much support from the vendor. Another advantage of open source is that it does not interfere with the regular schedule of the company during the implementation stage. This is a major difference between commercial and open source ERP applications. You should use business software for your needs, you should not change the way of your business to fit into software needs. Duration:- When you study commercial and open source ERP,The time allotted for implementing open source ERP is very less when compared with commercial ERP. The innumerable number of complexions in commercial ERP calls for longer time span. It consumes a lot of time not only during implementation but in every stage of ERP process due to the nature of work involved. With use of SITE  ERP implementation methodology  you can reduce time required for open source ERP to the minimum. Dependence: When it comes to the question of relying on the vendor the open source ERP owners enjoys a considerable edge than the commercial ERP. Since open source are license free users having full freedom for taking care of needs by themselves. The productivity is also high in open source ERP systems and the failure rates are very low. Results: Success rate of open source ERP are considerably more compare to proprietary ERP software’s. Read  open source ERP success stories  for more details. Training: Lots of training is required for using commercial ERP. It calls for lots of investments in terms of time and money. If they dont give the necessary impetus the results will be poor. Similarly validity of training sessions designed and handled exclusively by the ERP vendor is also debatable. On the other hand Open Source ERP does not require much training. The results are also bound to be effective because the user gets to learn through the process of self training. The company need not spend much on training and makes a minimal utilization of the resources. This is another way of reducing the level of dependence on the ERP vendor. You can get free  online ERP training  with SOSE!. Security: On comparing commercial and open source ERP applications, Commercial ERP systems are less secure. They are by and large prone to the traps and pitfalls of hackers. Even though open source ERP makes everything transparent and available in the public domain it bring into the notice of user whenever something goes wrong. Visibility: Few end users change the underlying code of an open source application. But when the need arises, open source provides access to the code to make changes to suit each distributor’s unique business needs. Open source customers enjoy a refreshing level of transparency from their vendors around activities such as bug reporting and fixing and road map planning. Longevity: Virtually any ERP solution will work well when initially deployed, but time is the true test of every ERP solution and vendor. Unforeseen opportunities will likely drive changes to a business’ objectives and necessitate changes to its ERP solution. Independently, a vendor’s commitment to supporting a solution could change over time. An open source solution with a flexible foundation addresses today’s needs and safeguards the solution’s future. Because the user has the source code, a solution can never be bought or merged out of existence, meaning the investment lasts as long as needed. Independent services for  ERP implementation support  is also available for free with open source ERP. | Conclusion: Functionality is the top consideration when reviewing ERP solutions, but it should be closely linked with evaluating open source and proprietary options. The demonstrable benefits of open source products reach deep into a company’s infrastructure. You can evaluate and  select business ERP software  which give functionality you need. The differences between  commercial and open source ERP  show the Edge enjoyed by open source ERP players. And independent free ERP trainer likes SOSE! Will help open source ERP to reach people. Open Source ERP Solution Pros * Negligible Investment and Maintenance Costs Open source ERP solutions hold a big pro in the fact that there are no huge un-front licensing fees, pre-sales cost associated with them, thus, the initial cost of an Open Source ERP solution is usually far less than a comparable proprietary program. There’s minimal dependency on the ERP vendor in most cases. In a study done by Meta Group, where it surveyed 63 companies – including small, medium and large enterprises in a range of industries – it was found that the average cost of implementation of ERP was $15 million, with the highest as $300 million and lowest as $400,000. Commercial ERP also has pre-sales cost associated with them. * Widely customizable Open Source ERP solutions are highly customizable allowing for companies to mold them to meet specific business process requirements. It is possible because it comes with two versions of code; the compiled version and the un-compiled version. There are a few reasons to do customizations, which are; functionality needed for core competencies, your front or back office systems require the customizations, you want more or less fields, or you have regulatory requirements that require the customization. So, if you need customizations, then by all means you must have them with a clear eye on the whos who of the support of customizations and financials needed. But, commercial ERP does not provide an easy and inexpensive customization of the ERP software to fit the business model changes whatsoever. Flexibility Open source ERP gives lots of freedom like free redistribution, freedom to access and modify the source code and freedom for the end user to use it for any purpose they wish to. GPL licensing of Open Source Software enables developer community to rapidly contribute to the software development and enhance features. * Total Cost of Ownership TCO of Open Source ERP solution may be less given the option of virtually free ope rating systems (Linux)and databases (MySQL) and potentially lower maintenance fees. Independent Integrations Open Source ERP solutions typically have a wide range of integration formats so that they are employable well with other software components. * Ease of Training Open source ERP packages come with complete licenses, comprehensive documentation and user manuals, helping the users to learn and understand their usage. No special trainings or consultants may be hired. * Ease with implementation The implementation can also be carried out separately without disturbing the regular operation of the business. Also, with open source ERP, the customers can do any sort of experimentations even while in production without losing the base or 100% availability. * Shorter implementation timings -The open source ERP packages require considerably shorter implementation time, which is another big positive aspect whereas in case of commercial ERPs , even six months are considered to be short period for implementation * Reduced or no Dependency on ERP Vendor As the open source ERP packages have proper documentation and user manuals, there is no or reduced dependency on ERP vendor to come and fix the issue. A good programmer can handle the issue in considerably less time. * High Accuracy and Quality The productivity and accuracy is high in the case of open source ERP systems. Also, the failure rates are often discovered to be on the lower side in comparison to commercial ERP packages. All open software has strong user community which is also very responsive and very knowledgeable. * Open source testing The open source users in the process of development are able to thoroughly test and 99% of the bugs are reported and highly secure. Except a very few, most of the commercial ERP systems are tested to a decent extent, but still are many security flaws, traps, pitfalls and loop holes, which can be easily harnessed by the hackers. * Handling security With the ever evolving nature of technology, security has become a problem of the past. And, there are many open source security applications on the market today which can be easily used with open-source ERP, which include; Nessus, Snort, Nagios, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, Open SSL, OpenSSH, Nmap, Ossec HIDS, and Wireshark. Open Source ERP Solution Cons * Risk of over-customization Delivering customized codes could prove troublesome for some organizations just in case you get into over-done customization and you can’t get out of it. Too many customizations can be a definite issue. * Difficulty in finding implementation and support resources Open Source ERP solutions also calls for the best and finest programmers of open source  ERP solutions on the code. This may be difficult and may cause higher support costs at times. Compatibility Issues with Proprietary Packages Some of the open source ERP packages are incompatible with the proprietary products of certain corporations like Microsoft, Oracle, or IBM etc (sometime due to variation in platform used for implementation). * Lack of Dedicated Support from a Specific Vendor Despite all of the benefits of open source ERP packages, the fear of the failure of open source ERP package during crucial stages of a project is considerable driving forces for commercial ERPs where vendors provide dedicate support in lieu of big bucks on licensing costs. Unstructured approach to issue resolution There are no proper defined product roadmaps and time line as most of the enhancements and bug fixes are done by freelancers and independent consulting companies and developers based on their requirements. * Devoid of feature- richness Proprietary software are feature-lade and have more features that are not found in the case of open source ERP packages mostly and may be cited helpful by commercial ERP vendors as a tool of ease and productivity. Open Source ERP Success Story Open source ERP has had its own share of successful implementations. There is no better argument for the use of an ERP solution than a testimonial by and organization which has used the system and reaped benefits from what the software has to offer. Let us take a look at a successful implementation that happened at a Danish pharmaceutical firm named Pharma Nord. The implementation was done by a firm by the name Compiere Company Overview Denmark-based Pharma Nord is one of Europe’s largest manufacturers of preventive dietary supplements and herbal remedies. The 500-person company, founded in 1981, develops, manufactures and markets scientifically well-founded dietary supplements, herbal remedies and medical drugs with optimal bio-availability. Pharma Nord’s products are available in 50 countries throughout Europe, Asia and North America. Issue At Hand Due to market success with its initial line of dietary supplements, Pharma Nord was continually expanding its product line and markets served. Growth in the regulated pharmaceutical industry, however, requires precise inventory management to address business and regulatory complexity. Pharma Nord’s ERP solution requirements extended well beyond the standard set of distribution and accounting functionality that performs at a global scale. They viewed the selection of an ERP solution as having a 15-20 year life. For a solution to succeed for more than 15 years, product licensing, ease of customization and confidence in the vendor were as important as out-of-the-box functionality The Solution Pharma Nord uses Compiere to manage its sales orders, invoicing, cash collections, purchasing and accounting for its sales subsidiaries and also to manage receipts and shipments in its warehouses. Pharma Nord liked what they saw in the earliest versions of Compiere in 2001. Using knowledge gained at a Compiere training class, Jacob Pedersen, Compiere Project Manager, completed an initial Compiere deployment in early 2002 focused on a single subsidiary. â€Å"We did it on the basis that we would probably find things that need to change along the way. And we have. It’s been with us, it’s been upgraded and we’ve changed quite a few things. We’ve been able to migrate to new versions of Compiere all the way from 2002 and now we’re here at 2008. I find that quite impressive. Before selecting an ERP solution, Pharma Nord assessed a number of offerings, notably Compiere and Navision. Midway through the evaluation, Navision was acquired by Microsoft. A few months later, the Linux version of Navision was discontinued. These events were eyeopening for Pharma Nord’s information technology and executive teams. The result was an even stronger requi rement for the kind of open source licensing offered by Compiere to ensure Pharma Nord’s long-term ERP success. Services from the Compiere Partner Network and Compiere helped Pharma Nord succeed. For example, the 2001 version of Compiere lacked support for tracking lot/batch numbers and expiry dates—essential functionality for the pharmaceutical industry. Pharma Nord’s sponsorship accelerated the development of this general use functionality. â€Å"We wrote the specification of exactly what the software should be able to do and it was developed by the Compiere team. † Pedersen Results Seven years after initial deployment, Pharma Nord is still going strong with Compiere. Their database has grown over the years as they’ve added business partners, products and transactions. Having transaction history available for analysis and reporting is a nice benefit from using a single product continuously over time. â€Å"What’s great about Compiere is that everything is stored at the most detailed level,† explained Pedersen. â€Å"So whenever you need to do reporting, you have a number of dimensions to work with. You can combine each product, different sizes, and different countries. All of those will be dimensions. Since you can report and group on these dimensions, you can get the answer you’re looking for by grouping and merging these data afterwards. With its sales and distribution operations productive with Compiere, Pedersen is looking toward the future: â€Å"Pharma Nord is also a manufacturing company. We manufacture all of our products ourselves. We know that Compiere is also working on manufacturing capabilities. † The Bottom Line Several unbelievably productive, efficient and highly secure open source ERP packages are not y et well recognized in the market, most of the customers are still prepared to shell out big bucks on custom commercial ERP packages. This might be due to the credibility that the big ERP producing organizations like SAP and Oracle. In times that are proving increasingly tough for organizations the world over; organizations are taking measures to tighten their operations and keeping stock of each and every penny that is spent; open source ERP packages provide a very robust and cost effective alternative for midsize companies who might not have a big budget allocated to cover their IT requirements. Even the large corporations can cut maintenance costs by making use of these brilliant packages. However, lack of support from a particular vendor is something that the open source ERP packages badly lack, and comp